Understanding Apartment End-Use Water Consumption in Two Green Residential Multistory Buildings

Jordán-Cuebas, F.; Krogmann, Uta; Andrews, Clinton J.; Senick, Jennifer; Hewitt, Elizabeth; Wener, Richard; Allacci, MaryAnn Sorensen; Plotnik, Deborah

doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000911

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The study is important because, besides obtaining water end-uses in the flats, it also investigates the perception of residents related to rainwater harvesting, which has been little explored in the scientific literature.Water 2020, 12, 546 2 of 22 the potential for potable water savings through the use of rainwater occur due to different demands for potable water and different rainwater catchment areas. Research conducted in public buildings in Florianópolis showed that between 56% and 86% of the potable water consumption could be replaced with rainwater [12,13].Regarding the water end-uses in residential buildings in different countries, it is noticeable that, in general, showers contribute to the highest water consumption [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Beyond that, the percentage of water consumed for toilet flushes is significant.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In Rathnayaka et al [17] and Matos et al [20] research, for example, the toilet flush occupies the third place among the end-uses with a higher percentage of consumption of potable water in the residential sector. In a study conducted by Jordán-Cuebas et al [19] the toilet flush was the second largest end-use in two multi-storey residential buildings. In schools and office buildings, toilet flushes contribute with a percentage of water consumption even larger when compared to the percentage obtained in residential buildings [13,21].Even though Florianópolis has a high potential for potable water savings, before implementing a rainwater harvesting system in a building it is necessary to measure the feasibility of implementing this type of solution using financial indicators, i.e., to perform an economic feasibility analysis.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the water end-uses in residential buildings in different countries, it is noticeable that, in general, showers contribute to the highest water consumption [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Beyond that, the percentage of water consumed for toilet flushes is significant.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Assessment of A Rainwater Harvesting System in A Multi-Storey Residential Building in Brazil

Maykot

Ghisi

2020

Water

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This article aims to present an economic feasibility and user satisfaction analysis of a rainwater harvesting system in a multi-storey residential building (where there is rainwater to supply toilets) located in Florianópolis, southern Brazil. This research used detailed methods and also considered the opinion and habits of users regarding the use of a rainwater harvesting system. The water end-uses were estimated through questionnaire survey in each flat. The potential for potable water savings was estimated using computer simulations. Simulations were performed using the computer programme Netuno, version 4 and economic feasibility analyses were performed considering different rainwater demands. Analyses associated with the habits of the residents, the satisfaction of users and the importance of saving potable water were also carried out. Showers were responsible for the highest share (54.2%) of water consumption in the flats, followed by the other end-uses: washing machine (21.3%), kitchen tap (9.3%), toilet flush (9.2%) and washbasins (2.6%). The most economically feasible system, which presented lower payback and higher internal rate of return, corresponds to the system sized to supply rainwater only to toilet flushing. Such a system would need a rainwater tank with a capacity smaller than the capacity of the one currently in use. In general, residents expressed satisfaction regarding the rainwater harvesting system installed in the building. The study is important because, besides obtaining water end-uses in the flats, it also investigates the perception of residents related to rainwater harvesting, which has been little explored in the scientific literature.

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Assessment of A Rainwater Harvesting System in A Multi-Storey Residential Building in Brazil

Maykot

Ghisi

2020

Water

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“…With the ability to model household energy use and the availability of big data, providing household-specific tailored information about energy use has become a promising avenue for energy research, but is still often cost-prohibitive and difficult to implement. Technology for water tracking is also advancing, with end-use water meters that can provide data on the frequency and duration of household water use and identify leaks and inefficiencies [94]. Tracking household food consumption presents a much greater challenge, with researchers developing complex and labor-intensive food data collection protocols [95].…”

Section: Addressing Spillover and Moving Towards A Nexus Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Becoming FEW Conscious: A Conceptual Typology of Household Behavior Change Interventions Targeting the Food-Energy-Water (FEW) Nexus

2019

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The food-energy-water (FEW) nexus presents an opportunity to rethink predominant approaches to household behavior change science. We linked emerging FEW nexus research with existing literature examining household consumption and pro-environmental behaviors. While a large body of work examines the environmental impacts of household life and explores pathways to behavior change for sustainability, the literature lacks studies that test interventions in multiple FEW resource categories, leaving researchers unable to identify tensions and tradeoffs in the household system. To guide this developing field and accumulate findings on household behavior across disciplines, we proposed a conceptual typology that synthesizes interdisciplinary analytic traditions to classify behavioral interventions targeting the household FEW nexus. The typology synthesizes behavioral interventions as active, passive, or structural, and household-specific or non-specific, illustrating six distinct categories: information, tailored information, action, gamification, policy/price change, and material/technology provision. A review of 40 studies that guided the typology identifies four significant lessons for future intervention research: household non-specific information and tailored information work better together, feedback is more effective when it is persistent, price-based interventions (information or incentives) are often ineffective, and material/technology provision is very effective but utilized in few household studies. To push forward household resource consumption science, we advocated for a holistic nexus focus that is rooted in interdisciplinarity, coalition building with stakeholders, and data reporting that facilitates knowledge accumulation.

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“…The general usage of sanitary water consumption in residential indoor could reach up to 111 l daily, in which: 31.4 is used for shower, 23.3 for toilet, 23.0 for kitchen sink and 12.4 for wash-ing machine. The use of shower, toilet, kitchen sink, and washing machine make up about 81% of the total apartment water use (Jordán-Cuebas et al, 2018). Depends on the tank reservoir volume, toilet water use could vary considerably.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of IoT-based water reduction system for improving clean water conservation

Ho¹,

Puika²,

Kasih³

2020

srees

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Water is one of the basic necessities of life; however, due to the increased growth of population and without any changes of people’s current water consumption rate the world would face water scarcity in the near future. Developing tools and techniques that aim to combat the loss of water quantity becomes a priority action due to it can provide actionable information to the community in its contribution to clean water conservation. In this study, the IoT-based water reduction system has been developed to measure water volume at three household appliances (washing machine, shower, and toilet) by installing flow sensors to those of each pipeline. Each sensor was connected to a microcontroller that sends water volume data and it will be stored in the cloud server. This technology could help users in reducing clean water consumption by: alarming user whenever water volume reaches 75, 85 and 95% of the limit volume for each showering session by installing a buzzer to the shower’s pipeline; limiting the water used for the toilet flushing by installing a solenoid valve for the toilets’ pipelines; and allowing users to access the information of all water consumption through Android-based mobile application. Through this study, IoT technology has great potential to support clean water reduction strategy due to it could save clean water up to 402 l monthly. Application of IoT technology can be started to be installed in such a small house or apartment in which the user can directly monitor their water consumption.

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Understanding Apartment End-Use Water Consumption in Two Green Residential Multistory Buildings

Cited by 17 publications

References 59 publications

Assessment of A Rainwater Harvesting System in A Multi-Storey Residential Building in Brazil

Assessment of A Rainwater Harvesting System in A Multi-Storey Residential Building in Brazil

Becoming FEW Conscious: A Conceptual Typology of Household Behavior Change Interventions Targeting the Food-Energy-Water (FEW) Nexus

Development of IoT-based water reduction system for improving clean water conservation

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