Understanding and modelling plasma–electrode interaction in high-pressure arc discharges: a review

Benilov, M. S.

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/41/14/144001

Cited by 234 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 128 publications

(361 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

247

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These results corroborate the statement in [25] indicating that the adequate simulation of plasma-anode interactions requires the coupled modeling of not only the near-anode nonequilibrium layer, but also of the adjacent bulk plasma. Nevertheless, the simplified nonequilibrium model used in the present work offer a complementary view of the physics dominating anode attachment formation.…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

Formation of self-organized anode patterns in arc discharge simulations

Trelles

2013

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pattern formation and self-organization are phenomena commonly observed experimentally in diverse types of plasma systems, including atmospheric-pressure electric arc discharges.However, numerical simulations reproducing anode pattern formation in arc discharges have proven exceedingly elusive. Time-dependent three-dimensional thermodynamic nonequilibrium simulations reveal the spontaneous formation of self-organized patterns of anode attachment spots in the free-burning arc, a canonical thermal plasma flow established by a constant DC current between an axi-symmetric electrodes configuration in the absence of external forcing. The number of spots, their size, and distribution within the pattern depend on the applied total current and on the resolution of the spatial discretization, whereas the main properties of the plasma flow, such as maximum temperatures, velocity, and voltage drop, depend only on the former. The sensibility of the solution to the spatial discretization stresses the computational requirements for comprehensive arc discharge simulations. The obtained anode patterns qualitatively agree with experimental observations and confirm that the spots originate at the fringes of the arc -anode attachment. The results imply that heavy-species -electron energy equilibration, in addition to thermal instability, has a dominant role in the formation of anode spots in arc discharges.

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 89%

Formation of self-organized anode patterns in arc discharge simulations

Trelles

2013

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[8]). The ionisation sheath model has to take into account departures from thermal and ionisation equilibrium in this plasma region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathode fall voltage of TIG arcs from a non-equilibrium arc model

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work presents modelling results concerning a tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding arc. The model provides a consistent description of the free burning arc, the arc attachment and the electrodes. Thermal and chemical nonequilibrium is considered in the whole arc area, and a detailed model of the cathode space-charge sheath is included. The mechanisms in the cathode pre-sheath are treated in the framework of a non-equilibrium approach which is based on a twofluid description of electrons and heavy particles and a simplified plasma chemistry of argon. A consistent determination of the electrode fall voltages and temperature distributions is achieved. The model is applied to arcs in pure argon at currents up to 250 A, whereby welding of a workpiece made of mild steel with a fixed burner is considered. Arc voltages in the range from 12 to 17 V are obtained at 50 at 250 A, respectively. The space-charge sheath voltage is found to be about 7 V and almost independent of the current. The corresponding temperatures of the cathode tip are in the range from 3,000 K to about 3,800 K. The results obtained are in a good agreement with measurements.

show abstract

“…with noble gases or mercury. It is on one hand an outcome of intense theoretical studies and on the other hand of experimental investigations, mainly at a model lamp, within the last years [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. The description of the dc operation of anodes in HID lamps is less advanced, but at least a qualitative understanding has been achieved for cold and to some extent also for hot HID anodes [16,17,18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the dependence of the temperature of high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp electrodes on the operating frequency by pyrometric measurements

Reinelt¹,

Westermeier²,

Ruhrmann³

et al. 2011

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Phase resolved temperature distributions are determined along a rod shaped tungsten electrode, by which an ac arc is operated within a model lamp filled with argon. Switched dc and sinusoidal currents are applied with amplitudes of several amps and operating frequencies being varied between 10 Hz and 10 kHz. The temperature is deduced from the grey body radiation of the electrode being recorded with a spectroscopic measuring system. Phase resolved values of the electrode tip temperature T tip and of the power input P in are determined comparing the measured temperature distributions with the integral of the one dimensional heat balance with these parameters as integration constants. They are supplemented by phase resolved measurements of the sum of cathode and anode fall called electrode sheath voltage. If a switched dc current is applied it is found that both quantities are within the cathodic phase only marginally higher than for a cathode being operated with a dc current. T tip and P in start to decrease for low currents and to increase for high currents at the beginning of the anodic phase. But with increasing operating frequency the deviations from the cathodic phase are reduced until they cannot be resolved for frequencies of several kHz. A more pronounced modulation but the same tendencies are observed with a sinusoidal current waveform. For 10 kHz a diffuse arc attachment with an almost phase independent electrode tip temperature, which deviates only marginally from that of a dc cathode, and an electrode sheath voltage proportional to the arc current is established with both current waveforms.

show abstract

Understanding and modelling plasma–electrode interaction in high-pressure arc discharges: a review

Cited by 234 publications

References 128 publications

Formation of self-organized anode patterns in arc discharge simulations

Formation of self-organized anode patterns in arc discharge simulations

Cathode fall voltage of TIG arcs from a non-equilibrium arc model

Investigating the dependence of the temperature of high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp electrodes on the operating frequency by pyrometric measurements

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About