“…To date, the application of MSI/SMSI in thermocatalysts and electrocatalysts, − the strategies and inducing mechanisms for SMSI construction (including classical SMSI, oxidative SMSI, adsorbate-mediated SMSI, and wet-chemistry SMSI), ,,− and the characterizations to observe SMSI phenomena , have been partly reviewed. Nevertheless, the “double-edged sword” influence of classical SMSI in CO 2 hydrogenation catalysts has rarely been reviewed in detail.…”