Understanding anaemia and stunting among young women in a rural setting of Indonesia

Abstract

Background Indonesian Ministry of Health stated that around 80% of Indonesian women aged between 15-24 years are anaemic, and 30% of children are stunted. The leading cause of this problem is poor quality food, including poor micronutrient quality, low dietary diversity and low intake of animal-source foods. Preconceptional young women who are anaemic and stunted have a risk of giving birth to stunted children later in life if their nutrition is not immediately improved. This study aims to have a deeper understanding of anaemia and stunting conditions among young women in the rural setting of Indonesia. Methods Twenty young women with the anaemic and stunting condition aged between 15 - 19 years were recruited through the randomly selected patient in the outpatient department of Public Health Center (Puskesmas) in the rural area of Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta from October to November 2022. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted with the following area early marriage, cause and effect of anemia and stunting, and women health-seeking behavior. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated, and analyzed thematically. Results Young women with anaemic and stunting condition are having powerlessness where they are unable in determining daily diet, arise from a low-income family and have no choice in their life course. They are suffering from financial difficulties and food insecurity, resulting in inadequate nutrition and stunting. They also believe that early marriage is a viable option for their own and their children's well-being. Conclusion This study is the evidence of young women powerlessness in the rural area of Indonesia. The understanding could contribute to develop evidence-based, effective, and efficient policies and regulations. The existing health system needs to reinforce the support for young women to reduce risks in early life and improve their health across the life course. The intervention could include promoting access to nutritious foods, good hygiene, family planning education, and access to health facilities and services.