While vaccinations are vital to managing pandemics, attitudes toward vaccines are not uniformly positive. During the COVID-19 vaccines development and enrollment phase, we studied the temporal dynamics of COVID-19 vaccination intention in relation to attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines and the pandemic, vaccination in general, and social norms and trust. The data are derived from a longitudinal survey study with Dutch participants (N = 744; six measurements between December 2020 – May 2021) and analyzed with vector-autoregression network analyses. While cross-sectional results indicated that vaccination intention was relatively strongly related to attitudes toward the vaccines, results from temporal analyses showed that vaccination intention mainly predicted and was not predicted by other vaccination-related variables. Vaccination intention thus influences other variables but barely vice versa. This underlines the challenge of stimulating uptake of new vaccines developed during pandemics, and the importance of examining directions of effects in research into vaccination intention.