Underreporting of the active content of behavioural interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials of smoking cessation interventions

Bruin, Marijn de; Black, Nicola; Javornik, Neža; Viechtbauer, Wolfgang; Eisma, Maarten C.; Hartman-Boyce, Jamie; Williams, A. Jess; West, Robert; Michie, Susan; Johnston, Marie

doi:10.1080/17437199.2019.1709098

“…Moreover, in some instances, the studies did not provide sufficient details on the types of activities undertaken as a part of the intervention. This under-reporting of active ingredients was recently discussed in a systematic review and meta-analysis of smoking cessation interventions [137,138,144]. Bruin et al (2019) describe the challenge of reporting all the BCTs in a complex intervention as they can include 20 or more BCTs [144].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This under-reporting of active ingredients was recently discussed in a systematic review and meta-analysis of smoking cessation interventions [137,138,144]. Bruin et al (2019) describe the challenge of reporting all the BCTs in a complex intervention as they can include 20 or more BCTs [144]. It has been shown that even a routine visit between patients and health care professionals can include 15 or more BCTs [145][146][147].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors in multiple behaviour change interventions affecting smoking cessation success: a rapid realist review.

Minian¹,

Corrin²,

Lingam³

et al. 2020

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Background Smoking continues to be a leading cause of preventable chronic disease-related morbidity and mortality, excess healthcare expenditure, and lost work productivity. Tobacco users are disproportionately more likely to be engaging in other modifiable risk behaviours such as excess alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and poor diet. While hundreds of interventions addressing the clustering of smoking and other modifiable risk behaviours have been conducted worldwide, there is insufficient information available about what components of these interventions help to promote successful smoking cessation . The aim of this rapid realist review was to identify possible mechanisms used in multiple health behaviour change interventions (targeting tobacco and two or more additional risk behaviours) that are associated with effectively changing tobacco use. Methods This realist review method incorporated the following steps: (1) clarifying the scope, (2) searching for relevant evidence, (3) relevance confirmation, data extraction, and quality assessment, (4) data analysis and synthesis. Results Of the 20,423 articles screened, 138 articles were included in this realist review. Following Michie et al.’s behavior change model (the COM-B model), capability, opportunity, and motivation were used to identify the mechanisms of behaviour change. Universally, increasing opportunities (i.e. factors that lie outside the individual that prompt the behaviour or make it possible) for participants to engage in healthy behaviours was associated with smoking cessation success. However, increasing participant’s capability or motivation to make a behaviour change was only successful within certain contexts. Conclusion In order to address multiple health behaviours and assist individuals in quitting smoking, public health promotion interventions need to shift away from ‘individualistic epidemiology’ and invest resources into modifying factors that exist outside of the individual (i.e. creating a supportive environment). Study registration PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017064430

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“…Moreover, in some instances, the studies did not provide sufficient details on the types of activities undertaken as a part of the intervention. This under-reporting of active ingredients was recently discussed in a systematic review and meta-analysis of smoking cessation interventions [137,138,144]. Bruin et al (2019) described the challenge of reporting all the BCTs in a complex intervention as they can include 20 or more BCTs [144].…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This under-reporting of active ingredients was recently discussed in a systematic review and meta-analysis of smoking cessation interventions [137,138,144]. Bruin et al (2019) described the challenge of reporting all the BCTs in a complex intervention as they can include 20 or more BCTs [144]. It has been shown that even a routine visit between patients and health care professionals can include 15 or more BCTs [145][146][147].…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying contexts and mechanisms in multiple behavior change interventions affecting smoking cessation success: A rapid realist review

Minian

¹

,

Corrin

²

,

Lingam

³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Smoking continues to be a leading cause of preventable chronic disease-related morbidity and mortality, excess healthcare expenditure, and lost work productivity. Tobacco users are disproportionately more likely to be engaging in other modifiable risk behaviours such as excess alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and poor diet. While hundreds of interventions addressing the clustering of smoking and other modifiable risk behaviours have been conducted worldwide, there is insufficient information available about the context and mechanisms in these interventions that promote successful smoking cessation. The aim of this rapid realist review was to identify possible contexts and mechanisms used in multiple health behaviour change interventions (targeting tobacco and two or more additional risk behaviours) that are associated with improving smoking cessation outcome.Methods: This realist review method incorporated the following steps: (1) clarifying the scope, (2) searching for relevant evidence, (3) relevance confirmation, data extraction, and quality assessment, (4) data analysis and synthesis.Results: Of the 20,423 articles screened, 138 articles were included in this realist review. Following Michie et al.’s behavior change model (the COM-B model), capability, opportunity, and motivation were used to identify the mechanisms of behaviour change. Universally, increasing opportunities (i.e. factors that lie outside the individual that prompt the behaviour or make it possible) for participants to engage in healthy behaviours was associated with smoking cessation success. However, increasing participant’s capability or motivation to make a behaviour change was only successful within certain contexts. Conclusion: In order to address multiple health behaviours and assist individuals in quitting smoking, public health promotion interventions need to shift away from ‘individualistic epidemiology’ and invest resources into modifying factors that are external from the individual (i.e. creating a supportive environment).Study registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017064430

show abstract

“…Moreover, in some instances, the studies did not provide su cient details on the types of activities undertaken as a part of the intervention. This under-reporting of active ingredients was recently discussed in a systematic review and meta-analysis of smoking cessation interventions [137,138,144]. Bruin et al (2019) described the challenge of reporting all the BCTs in a complex intervention as they can include 20 or more BCTs [144].…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying contexts and mechanisms in multiple behavior change interventions affecting smoking cessation success: A rapid realist review

Minian

¹

,

Corrin

²

,

Lingam

³

et al. 2020

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Smoking continues to be a leading cause of preventable chronic disease-related morbidity and mortality, excess healthcare expenditure, and lost work productivity. Tobacco users are disproportionately more likely to be engaging in other modifiable risk behaviours such as excess alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and poor diet. While hundreds of interventions addressing the clustering of smoking and other modifiable risk behaviours have been conducted worldwide, there is insufficient information available about the context and mechanisms in these interventions that promote successful smoking cessation. The aim of this rapid realist review was to identify possible contexts and mechanisms used in multiple health behaviour change interventions (targeting tobacco and two or more additional risk behaviours) that are associated with improving smoking cessation outcome.Methods: This realist review method incorporated the following steps: (1) clarifying the scope, (2) searching for relevant evidence, (3) relevance confirmation, data extraction, and quality assessment, (4) data analysis and synthesis.Results: Of the 20,423 articles screened, 138 articles were included in this realist review. Following Michie et al.’s behavior change model (the COM-B model), capability, opportunity, and motivation were used to identify the mechanisms of behaviour change. Universally, increasing opportunities (i.e. factors that lie outside the individual that prompt the behaviour or make it possible) for participants to engage in healthy behaviours was associated with smoking cessation success. However, increasing participant’s capability or motivation to make a behaviour change was only successful within certain contexts. Conclusion: In order to address multiple health behaviours and assist individuals in quitting smoking, public health promotion interventions need to shift away from ‘individualistic epidemiology’ and invest resources into modifying factors that are external from the individual (i.e. creating a supportive environment).Study registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017064430

show abstract

Underreporting of the active content of behavioural interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials of smoking cessation interventions

Cited by 50 publications

References 33 publications

Factors in multiple behaviour change interventions affecting smoking cessation success: a rapid realist review.

Factors in multiple behaviour change interventions affecting smoking cessation success: a rapid realist review.

Identifying contexts and mechanisms in multiple behavior change interventions affecting smoking cessation success: A rapid realist review

Identifying contexts and mechanisms in multiple behavior change interventions affecting smoking cessation success: A rapid realist review

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