Undernutrition, Food Insecurity and Associated Factors among Adult HIV Positive people on HAART in Public Health Facility in Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Abstract

Background: Malnutrition is resulted from inequalities in nutrients intake and body demands. People living with Human Immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) are more vulnerable to malnutrition, due to opportunistic infection, metabolic disorder, and increased need of energy during infection. Worldwide, over 800 million people are chronically undernourished. The dual burden in areas of severe food insecurity and Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic are highly contributing to morbidity and mortality of people living with HIV, especially in developing countries particularly Sab- Saharan Africa is considered as home of malnutrition and food insecurity. The major problem of PLHIV in Ethiopia is under nutrition and its complication. Objective: This study aimed to assess magnitude of under nutrition, food insecurity and associated factors among adult clients on ART attending ART clinic, at public health facilities, Oromia regional states central Ethiopia Method: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult PLHIV and on highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) attending public health facility in Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne (OSZSF) was conducted from August 2020 to May 2021. A systematic sampling was applied for sample selection. A pre tested semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Bivariate and multivariable analysis also employed to identify the presence, strength, direction of association and other confounding. After calculating for both first objective (prevalence of under nutrition) and second objective or factors associated with under nutrition the maximum sample size 305 was selected for this study.Result: The prevalence of under nutrition was 22.4% and house hold food insecurity was also high in current study 54.3%. Factors associated with under nutrition among participants were absence of ration (AOR=0.42, 95%CI: 0.0-0.9), World health organization clinical stage II, III and VI (AOR= 6.8, 95%CI: 2.5-18.6) and household food in secure (AOR=0.51, 95%CI: 0.27-0.95) while literacy status primary and less (AOR=2.24, 95%CI: 1.1-4.6), household average monthly income <2250 Ethiopian birr (AOR=0.41, 95%CI:0.21-0.8) and meal frequency less or equal to two (AOR=4.14, 95%CI:1.3-13.46).Conclusion and recommendation: This study finding reveals high prevalence of under nutrition and HH food insecurity results in disturbing the success of the program, thus Comprehensive care and support bio-medical and inter-sectorial collaboration is suggested for alleviating the problem.