Undernutrition and Associated Factors Among Adult Tuberculosis Patients in Jigjiga Public Health Facilities, Somali Region, East, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Tuberculosis and undernutrition are the public health concerns of people living in middle and low-income countries. When patient develops TB, undernutrition is not only a risk factor for progression of latent TB infection to active disease, but also intensifies the risk of drug toxicity, relapse and death. Nutritional supplementation in patients with TB is associated with faster sputum conversion, higher cure and treatment completion rates, and body-weight gain. Objective To find out the magnitude of undernutrition and associated factors among adult tuberculosis patients in jigjiga public health facilities. Methods and Materials A facility-based cross-sectional study design was applied. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire while anthropometric measurements were collected in their scale measurements. The data were entered into an Epi-data version 3.1, then were exported and analyzed using SPSS v20. Bivariate logistic regression was done to assess the association between the outcome variable and the independent variables, value <0.25 was considered as a candidate for multivariate logistic regression at 95% CI. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than 0.05. Results The magnitude of undernutrition was 44.3% [95% CI (38.2, 49.7)]. Sex (female) [AOR=1.769, CI=1.035, 3.024], educational status [AOR=3.939, CI=2.285, 6.792] and being Bedridden [AOR=3.718, CI=1.115, 12.394) were predictors of Undernutrition among adult tuberculosis patients. Conclusion The magnitude of undernutrition among adult patients with TB was high in the area. Overall routine appropriate nutrition assessment and support should be given to undernourished patients with TB. The level of education about nutrition should be improved by counseling on a balanced diet to all patients with TB and particularly for female patients. Appropriate nutrition support should be provided to undernourished TB patients, and more focused on those who are bedridden.

Nearly one out of every five adult TB patients suffered from food insecurity in Grawa District, Eastern Ethiopia: a multicenter facility-based cross-sectional study

“…Thus, male counterparts were 42% less likely to experience food security. This finding is supported by studies conducted in different settings, such as South Africa (38), the Somali Region (31), Adama (40), and lowincome countries (41). The possible justification could be attributed to the fact that men have greater access to social capital and pathways out of crisis; for instance, their income pays off previous debts and secures new farm loans, whereas women frequently face severe time constraints due to their household food-security roles.…”

“…Despite the commitment of various stakeholders and the government, the prevalence and determinants of food security, as well as tuberculosis, which are thought to be the direct and underlying causes of undernutrition, continue to be a problem. Moreover, there are a few studies conducted in Ethiopia that pointed out that food insecurity among Tb patients is a major widespread problem (11,21,31). Furthermore, there is a paucity of documented evidence regarding the problems under study generally at the county level and particularly at the study area level, so the purpose of this study was to assess factors associated with food insecurity among adult tuberculosis patients attending public health facilities in Grawa district, Eastern Ethiopia.…”

Nutritional Status and Associated Factors Among Adult Patients With Tuberculosis

“…In the present study, we found that 60.4% of patients with pulmonary TB had undernutrition, in which one-fifth of the sample (20.4%) were severely malnourished. The prevalence of underweight among TB patients varies across studies and continents, mostly reported over 40% [14][15][16] . A meta-analysis involving 48,598 participants reports a prevalence of malnutrition of 48.0% (95% CI, 40.9-55.2%), in which the prevalences of mild, moderate, and severe malnutrition are 21.4%, 14.0%, and 29.4%, respectively 16 .…”

“…This secondary immunodeficiency increases the host's susceptibility to infection and thus increases the risk for developing TB. TB in turn causes reduction in appetite, macro-and micronutrient malabsorption, and altered metabolism, leading to wasting and a poor nutritional status 12,15 .…”

Geospatial Overlap of Undernutrition and Tuberculosis in Ethiopia

“…Furthermore, although several small-scale studies in Ethiopia have described the relationship between undernutrition and TB at the individual level [31][32][33], the spatial codistributions and ecological level drivers of undernutrition and TB at a lower administrative level are yet to be investigated. This study, therefore, set out to investigate the spatial codistribution and socio-climatic factors of undernutrition and TB in Ethiopia.…”