Underlying Features of Prostate Cancer—Statistics, Risk Factors, and Emerging Methods for Its Diagnosis

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently occurring type of malignant tumor and a leading cause of oncological death in men. PCa is very heterogeneous in terms of grade, phenotypes, and genetics, displaying complex features. This tumor often has indolent growth, not compromising the patient’s quality of life, while its more aggressive forms can manifest rapid growth with progression to adjacent organs and spread to lymph nodes and bones. Nevertheless, the overtreatment of PCa patients leads to important physical, mental, and economic burdens, which can be avoided with careful monitoring. Early detection, even in the cases of locally advanced and metastatic tumors, provides a higher chance of cure, and patients can thus go through less aggressive treatments with fewer side effects. Furthermore, it is important to offer knowledge about how modifiable risk factors can be an effective method for reducing cancer risk. Innovations in PCa diagnostics and therapy are still required to overcome some of the limitations of the current screening techniques, in terms of specificity and sensitivity. In this context, this review provides a brief overview of PCa statistics, reporting its incidence and mortality rates worldwide, risk factors, and emerging screening strategies.

Desde el laboratorio hasta la próstata: Explorando los recientes avances en pruebas diagnósticas para el cáncer

“…Otros estudios se centran en validar resultados previamente publicados, aprovechando la gran cantidad de datos de expresión ya disponibles en repositorios de bases de datos. En un estudio realizado por Ghorbanmehr y colaboradores, se evaluaron los niveles urinarios de los miARN miR-21-5p, miR-141-3p y miR-205-5p en pacientes con cáncer de vejiga (BCa), cáncer de próstata, hiperplasia prostática benigna y controles sanos (Berenguer et al, 2023). Estos miARN oncogénicos seleccionados mostraron una regulación positiva significativa en muestras relacionadas con el cáncer, con niveles más altos en el CAP en comparación con el cáncer de vejiga.…”

The Application of Radiomics and AI to Molecular Imaging for Prostate Cancer

“…Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent cancer diagnosis in men, and the fifth highest cause of death worldwide [ 1 ]. Early diagnosis of diseases is known to improve patient outcomes, and accurate subtyping and staging can inform better treatment plans and improved quality of life [ 2 ].…”

Genetic Signatures for Distinguishing Chemo-Sensitive from Chemo-Resistant Responders in Prostate Cancer Patients

“…Prostate cancer (PC) is the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor and a prominent contributor to cancer-related mortality in men [ 1 ]. In 2020, GLOBOCAN/IARC reported a staggering 1.4 million prostate cancer cases and 375 304 deaths worldwide, with prostate cancer emerging as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in 46 countries, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America [ 2 ].…”