Underestimated economic and social burdens of non-Typhoidal Salmonella infections: The One Health perspective from Nigeria

Non-typhoidal Salmonella in Nigeria: do outcomes of ‘multisectoral’ surveillance, treatment and control justify the intervention costs?

“…Based on the previously validated and published data, we assumed a total of 325,731 human cases of NTS occurred in the year 2020 with a human mortality of 1,043 and a disability-adjusted life year (DALYs) of 37,321 [ 22 , Figure 1 ]. A total of 188,694 cases (57.9%) occurred among people involved in the poultry value chain while 137,037 (42.1%) occurred among the consumers of poultry and poultry products [ 26 ]. In addition, a total of 43,662,085 poultry (chickens) were involved in the 2020 outbreaks from January – December 2020, with 15,841,044 deaths 20,574,302 salvage slaughters, 5,713,152 culls and 1,533,587 unaccounted-for chickens [ 26 , Figure 1 ].…”

“…A total of 188,694 cases (57.9%) occurred among people involved in the poultry value chain while 137,037 (42.1%) occurred among the consumers of poultry and poultry products [ 26 ]. In addition, a total of 43,662,085 poultry (chickens) were involved in the 2020 outbreaks from January – December 2020, with 15,841,044 deaths 20,574,302 salvage slaughters, 5,713,152 culls and 1,533,587 unaccounted-for chickens [ 26 , Figure 1 ]. The total cost of these outbreaks in humans and poultry was a cumulative of US$ 930,887,379.00 [ 26 ].…”

“…In addition, a total of 43,662,085 poultry (chickens) were involved in the 2020 outbreaks from January – December 2020, with 15,841,044 deaths 20,574,302 salvage slaughters, 5,713,152 culls and 1,533,587 unaccounted-for chickens [ 26 , Figure 1 ]. The total cost of these outbreaks in humans and poultry was a cumulative of US$ 930,887,379.00 [ 26 ]. All cases in humans and poultry occurred between the periods, 1 January and 31 December 2020, and all cases were distributed randomly in the country, particularly in the peri-urban and rural areas, and high poultry-dense locations within the country.…”

Prevention and Control of Human Salmonella enterica Infections: An Implication in Food Safety

“…Despite animals kept in intensive systems having lower disease burdens with higher growth performance, feed efficiency, supplements, and reproductive performances yet the economic losses related to contaminated products from these animals persist. For instance, cumulative monetary loss due to nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) in Nigeria in 2020 was US $930,887,379 with approximately 50.9% (US $473,982,068) and 49.1% (US $456,905,311) from infected humans and animals (poultry sector), respectively [ 180 ]. The increased intensification of chickens in Arusha, Tanzania, was associated with 15% (6/40) of farms tested positive for Salmonella [ 181 ].…”

Molecular characterization of virulence and resistance genes in Salmonella strains isolated from chickens sold at the informal chicken market in Gauteng Province, South Africa

“…are important zoonotic pathogens capable of causing infections and clinical salmonellosis (Ehunwa et al, 2021). Salmonellosis in animals and humans poses food safety, public health, and economic challenges, including the cost of prevention and treatment of salmonellosis, loss of production incurred, and its potential mortality in humans and animals cannot be ignored (He et al, 2023;Sanni et al, 2023). Although Salmonella spp.…”