During operation, the shot blasting machine will generate a great deal of vibration and noise, which has a negative effect on both the staff’s working environment and the shot blasting machine’s ability to function normally. Therefore, this paper first performs a time-frequency analysis of the vibration signal obtained from the shot blasting shell and makes a preliminary determination that the shot blasting shell will be affected by various vibration sources. Then, based on the blind source separation technology, the time domain signal collected from the vibration sensor is transformed into a sparse signal by the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The analysis reveals that the motor vibration transmission and rotor imbalance are the shot blasting machine’s primary sources of vibration, with the impeller being the primary cause of rotor imbalance. Thus, noise reduction may be achieved by optimizing the impeller. The stability of the impeller will be increased, the noise of the shot blasting machine will be reduced, and the impact of the vibration of the shot blasting machine on the working and working environment of the shot blasting machine will effectively be reduced by adding alloy cobalt to the blades and some of the device groups to improve the comprehensive performance of the blades.