Under the Wire: How the Telegraph Changed Diplomacy

Die Anerkennung von Grenzen

“…Der Einsatz von Telekommunikation in der Diplomatie wird jedoch auch mit anderen Verfallserscheinungen in Verbindung gebracht. Auf die Feinheiten des diplomatischen Sprachgebrauchs und Verhaltens wird in dem Maße verzichtet, wie technologische Beschränkungen schriftlicher Telekommunikation eine Reduktion auf das Wesentliche nahelegen -ein Problem, das man nicht erst seit Twitter, sondern bereits seit der Erfindung der Telegrafie kennt (Nickles 2003). Die Kommunikation wird psychisch dekonditioniert (Kieserling 1999: 239), wobei es für die Interpretation von Texten weniger auf Empathie und Personenwissen ankommt, sondern vielmehr auf die Kenntnis anderer Texte.…”

Managing a globally distributed workforce: Social and interpersonal issues.

“…Through the industrial revolution of the late 18th and 19th centuries, railroads and steamships promoted increasingly rapid face-to-face interaction and, together with telegraphs, also promoted mediated communication. Within Europe in the 1850s and spreading through much of the world through the end of the 19th century, technology-mediated communication by means of the telegraph dramatically increased the ability of home government offices to control their diplomats (Nickles, 2003). In general, communication innovations in this period greatly increased the speed with which central authorities could learn about and seek central control versus culturally adaptive control of local events.…”

Does Social Media Influence Conflict? Evidence from the 2012 Gaza Conflict

“…Additionally, when I allow H2I to respond contemporaneously to I2H in the best fitting model (Hashtag Model from Table5), the log marginal data density and resulting Bayes Factor is significantly worse(-3852.90) than the Hashtag Biased (-3843.72).12 SeeNickles (2009) for a discussion on diplomatic speed with reference to the advent of the telegraph.13 All models in Tables3-5(and all VAR models) implicitly assume that variables respond contemporaneously to their own innovations. This is captured by the X's on the main diagonal.…”