Under-the-radar illicit outflows from South Africa

Nsamba, Asteria; Nsamba, George P.N.

doi:10.4324/9781003197232-7

Cited by 1 publication

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“…The informal economy is estimated to contribute approximately 28 percent of the South African economy, with an employment of more than 2.1 million workers, of which 1.2 million workers are male (Sassen, Galvaan & Duncan, 2018). It is reported in literature that informal economic activities contribute approximately 22 percent of the gross value added (GVA), a Gross Domestic Production (GDP) before taxes or subsidies, with an estimated 2.25 million SMMEs, out of which 1.5 million operated in the informal economy (Nsamba & Nsamba, 2021). The contribution fluctuates overtime due to different economics factors in play.…”

Section: Conceptual Background 21 Formal Economy and Informal Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, money launderers and mafia proliferation operate globally, acting as intermediaries between states, capitals and firms in the informal economy (Chen & Carré, 2020). Some of the illicit financial activities are associated with and emanate from conventional and legitimate structures, including churches, traditional herbalists and informal micro-businesses such as spazashops, backyard motor mechanical workshops, hair salons and street traders (Nsamba & Nsamba, 2021). More issues of corruption are rampat in the formal economy, it cannot be ruled out that there is also a lot that is hidden in the informal economy, with no accounting systems.…”

Section: Conceptual Background 21 Formal Economy and Informal Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these products end-up with street traders in the informal economy, especially cigarettes. Street trading businesses are run by anyone in South Africa, including nationals and foreign nationals, men and women, youth and old (Nsamba & Nsamba, 2021). Illegal abortions, which claims a lot of lives or damages on the prospects of reproduction, happen in the informal economy (Chemlal & Russo, 2019).…”

Section: Conceptual Background 21 Formal Economy and Informal Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intervention may alleviate and reduce some lawlessness in the informal economy, such as the illegal abortions, dealing in drugs and selling of restricted goods, also to under-aged individuals (Blanton, Early and Peksen, 2018). The lack of monitoring of the informal economy by law enforcement agencies is because these businesses are not deemed impactful as the conventional illicit flows of resources from big businesses (Nsamba & Nsamba, 2021). It is recommended that firms in the formal economy can assist firms in the informal economy through various initiatives, which can be incentivised through tax reductions and the broader collective access to market (Nackerdien & Yu, 2018).…”

Section: Conceptual Background 21 Formal Economy and Informal Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Business research methods: A perspective of street traders in the informal economy

Mabasa

2023

ecrm

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Many people, despites being educated or not, struggle to find decent jobs in the formal economy. Some end-up working in the informal economy as self-employed/own-account workers. Informal economy is the largest employer with more potentials, employing approximately 61 percent of the global labour force. Despite different forms of occupations, street trading is the most visible occupation in the informal economy. There is a research gap between formal and informal economy, with most research done in the formal economy. It is recommended that micro-level individuals must be included in research to broaden knowledge. The informal economic activities are not reported in government statistics. It is odd because the informal economy is the largest global employer and street trading is found in both developed and developing economies. Informal economic activities are however associated with lack of growth and social security, money laundering, and financing of terrorist activities. The study was conducted to determine work engagement of street traders using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). The UWES is validated and used for quantitative studies in the formal economy. The instrument was pretested and piloted for quality appraisal purposes for validation and use in the informal economy. The general lack of credible records of street trading activities, makes it difficult for researchers to conduct studies using different methodologies in the informal economy. The convenience sampling strategy, a nonprobability sampling startegy, was used in choosing participants, and was most valid for solving the problem of the study, choosing participants accidentally on availability. Most quantitative studies involving street traders are restricted to using nonprobabiliity sampling, which is a concern. The high birth and/or mortality rate of street trading businesses make the database inconsistent to use as some do not report when exiting or entering. The lack of credible records/database of street trading activities, and over reliance on nonprobability sampling strategy, restrict the holistic generation of knowledge. The street traders’ activities must be registered to develop from knowledge generated through research.

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Section: Conceptual Background 21 Formal Economy and Informal Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conceptual Background 21 Formal Economy and Informal Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conceptual Background 21 Formal Economy and Informal Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conceptual Background 21 Formal Economy and Informal Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Business research methods: A perspective of street traders in the informal economy

Mabasa

2023

ecrm

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Under-the-radar illicit outflows from South Africa

Cited by 1 publication

References 0 publications

Business research methods: A perspective of street traders in the informal economy

Business research methods: A perspective of street traders in the informal economy

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