Under the Prism of Suspicion: Minority Voices in Canada Post-September 11

Khalema, Nene Ernest; Wannas-Jones, Jenny

doi:10.1080/13602000305928

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…As a consequence of the terrorist attack on the Twin Towers in New York and the Pentagon in Washington, DC, on September 11, 2001, there was a significant concern in Muslim, Arab, and other minority communities in many countries including Canada, about possible backlash stemming from racism, fear, and public misinformation (see Kealema & Jenny, 2003). Arab Canadians, Sikhs, Muslims, and other people of color were victims of attacks.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hate-Crime Victimization and Fear of Hate Crime Among Racially Visible People in Canada: The Role of Income as a Mediating Factor

Chongatera

2013

Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies

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Hate-crime victimization against racially visible people is of growing concern and it raises questions about social cohesion in a multiracial and ethnic democracy such as Canada, particularly among immigrants across the country. Using income as a mediating factor, this article examines hate-crime victimization against visible minority groups in Canada using the Ethnic Diversity Survey. Using multinomial and binary logistic regression, the study describes the likelihood of experiencing hate crime victimization and fear of hate crime. The results indicate that hate crime and fear of hate crime depends on visible minorities' ethnic background, above and beyond their socioeconomic status.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hate-Crime Victimization and Fear of Hate Crime Among Racially Visible People in Canada: The Role of Income as a Mediating Factor

Chongatera

2013

Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies

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“…Altheide (2010) contemplates this process as an expression of the fear discourse that ranges from satellite cameras to DNA (an online tool for species identification using DNA sequence data) surveillance. Many citizens consider these actions as posing serious threats to the democratic values and human rights notions that Canada holds dear (Khalema and Wannas-Jones 2003). The reason behind this apprehension is that it focuses on "the 'body' as an object, rather than as a subject with feelings, emotions, rights, and, in short, humanity" (Altheide 2006a, 21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…(Keefer 2006, 1) Tyrer and Ahmad 2006;Vyas 2004). As a result, Canadian Muslims and other visible minority groups have braced themselves for possible backlash stemming from racism, fear, and misinformation (Khalema and Wannas-Jones 2003). The Maher Arar case is an example of Islamophobia in the Canadian context, as it categorizes a Muslim as the suspicious alien with no tenure to citizenship (MacAfee 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

The Discourse of Fear: Effects of the War on Terror on Canadian University Students

Shahzad

2014

American Review of Canadian Studies

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This multimethod study is based on written narratives, demographic questionnaires, and interviews. I examine data collected from 99 students of a Canadian university to explore how the War on Terror has affected them. The findings are divided into four categories. The first category of the respondents is mute about the war's effects. The second shows a disjuncture between the respondents' lives and the war. The third reflects the effects on the Canadian soldiers' friends or relatives, and the final represents those who do not have personal connections to the war but feel deeply affected by it. The discourse of fear appears as the most prominent effect in the narratives of the respondents. The basic themes that emerged from the discourse of fear (racism, Islamophobia, and social control) are then developed and discussed as they pertain to the respondents. The findings have many implications for both researchers and educators.

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“…However, since their arrival in Canada, most of them can only find daily wage employment as security guards, cleaning workers, at McDonalds, at KFCs, at Burger Kings, taxi drivers, etc. (Kincheloe, 2010;Graham, 1988;Khalema and Wannas 2003) attribute these exclusionary practices in work and other appurtenances of Canadian society to suspicions that are catalyzed not just from Islamophobia, but one that attained its crescendo from post 9/11.…”

Section: Are Muslims the New Blacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, remaining in Canada with their depleted savings and lack of employment opportunities becomes an everyday struggle. Khalema and Wannas (2003) argued that every Muslim in North America and Europe to a lesser extent is suspect. Just having a Muslim name or being dressed as one are enough grounds for discrimination, even harassment irrespective of actual religious belief.…”

Section: Are Muslims the New Blacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nice CV! You Will Hear From Us: Canadian Labor Market and the Phenomenology of the Marginalized Ethnic Professional Migrant

Ogbuagu¹

2012

Journal of Social Sciences

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Problem statement:In the last several decades, the quest for human capital has meant that Canada's consideration of potential migrants hinged largely on the needs of its labor market. Applying the human capital theory espoused by Schultz (1961) Canada, like other industrialized countries shows interests only in those migrants who it strongly believes will make exemplary contributions to the economy. Approach: Whereas migrants of European descent have run the gauntlet of Canadian labor market integration, Visible Minorities especially have experienced and share narratives of unprecedented devaluation of their education, training, skills and lived experience. At the premigration stage, most of these migrants were highly qualified professionals in various fields. At the post-migration phase they are cleaners, cab drivers, nurse's aide, telemarketers and despondent citizens. Results: This study evaluated international lived experiences of some ethnic migrant professionals to Canada; provided a comparative analysis of the migrant professionals and resident or non-migrant types. It examined systemic barriers to full integration, including the intersectionality of race, ethnicity and gender in the integration or exclusion of migrants from the labor market and participation in the economy. Conclusion: It proffered research-based policy approaches to full integration of migrants into the labor market, economy and citizenship participation.

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Under the Prism of Suspicion: Minority Voices in Canada Post-September 11

Cited by 20 publications

References 1 publication

Hate-Crime Victimization and Fear of Hate Crime Among Racially Visible People in Canada: The Role of Income as a Mediating Factor

Hate-Crime Victimization and Fear of Hate Crime Among Racially Visible People in Canada: The Role of Income as a Mediating Factor

The Discourse of Fear: Effects of the War on Terror on Canadian University Students

Nice CV! You Will Hear From Us: Canadian Labor Market and the Phenomenology of the Marginalized Ethnic Professional Migrant

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