Under‐sown cover crops and post‐harvest mowing as measures to control <i>Elymus repens</i>

Ringselle, Björn; Bergkvist, Göran; Aronsson, Helena; Andersson, Lars

doi:10.1111/wre.12144

Cited by 28 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(24 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Short-term mowing studies for other perennial species have also generally shown a lack of or inconsistency in efficacy (Bicksler and Masiunas 2009;Schooler et al 2010;Summerlin et al 2000;Stanley et al 2011). Several years and greater withinseason frequencies of mowing may be necessary to see any effect on long-lived perennial species, especially in terms of depletion of root reserves (Hakansson 1969;Ringselle et al 2015).…”

Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance of Swallowworts (Vincetoxicumspp.) to Multiple Years of Artificial Defoliation and Clipping

Milbrath

DiTommaso

Biazzo

et al. 2016

Invasive plant sci. manag.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The European vines pale swallowwort and black swallowwort are invading various habitats in northeastern North America. It is unclear how these plants might respond to potential biological control agents, as they experience little herbivore damage in North America, or longer durations of mowing given the reported lack of efficacy of mechanical control. We evaluated the effect of six seasons of artificial defoliation (50 or 100% defoliation once or twice per season) and clipping (once, twice, or four times at 8 cm above the soil level) on the survival, growth, and reproduction of mature plants of the two species grown in a common garden field experiment. No plants died from damage after 6 yr. Black swallowwort produced more aboveground biomass, whereas pale swallowwort produced more root biomass and root crown buds, compared with its congener species. For most damage treatments, root biomass and the number of crown buds and stems increased over time, whereas aboveground biomass and viable seeds per plant generally did not change. Substantial overlap in plant size and seed production occurred among damage treatments and species. The most severe defoliation treatment did not substantially limit growth and reproduction compared with undamaged plants. While two clippings per season sometimes prevented seed production, four clippings per season was the only type of damage that consistently prevented plant growth and eliminated seed production. Pale and black swallowwort display a high tolerance to aboveground tissue loss in highlight environments without plant competition. The annual increase in plant size calls into question the potential efficacy of a defoliating insect against field populations of swallowworts, and it seems likely the only benefits of a long-term mowing regime will be to eliminate seed production. Nomenclature: Black (or Louise's) swallowwort, Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench, syn. Cynanchum louiseae Kartesz & Gandhi; pale (or European) swallowwort; Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbarich, syn. Cynanchum rossicum (Kleopow) Borhidi.

show abstract

Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance of Swallowworts (Vincetoxicumspp.) to Multiple Years of Artificial Defoliation and Clipping

Milbrath

DiTommaso

Biazzo

et al. 2016

Invasive plant sci. manag.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Shoot density grading was performed four times in Y1 (2 weeks after emergence of the main crop, before harvest, 20 days after harvest, and in November before ploughing) and three times in Y2 (2 weeks after emergence of the main crop, before harvest and 20 days after harvest). This was done using a 'grading fork' consisting of a frame 36 cm long with four 28 cm long tines, creating three inter-tine areas of 333 cm 2 each (Ringselle et al 2015). Occurrence/nonoccurrence of at least one shoot in each inter-tine area was recorded, giving a value between 0 and 3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Couch grass control Ringselle et al (2015) concluded that repeated mowing during autumn can reduce couch grass rhizome biomass, but a low-yielding cover crop (30-60 g m -2 in October) will only reduce autumn shoot biomass, and not the rhizome biomass. The rhizome biomass can be viewed as accumulated biomass reflecting the growing conditions during the whole season and perhaps previous seasons, while the shoot biomass adjusts faster to the prevailing conditions.…”

Section: Phosphorus Leachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Omitted tillage, in combination with cover crops, may significantly lower N leaching, but restricts the possibilities to perform active weed control and could therefore result in increased weed populations (Myrbeck and Stenberg 2014). It is difficult to achieve a cover crop that is vigorous enough to compete effectively with couch grass (Ringselle et al 2015), but without reducing yield of the main crop (e.g. Cussans 1972;Bergkvist et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Combining mechanical control of couch grass (Elymus repens L.) with reduced tillage in early autumn and cover crops to decrease nitrogen and phosphorus leaching

Aronsson

Ringselle

Andersson

et al. 2015

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Methods for control of couch grass (Elymus repens L.) with reduced tillage and cover crops to achieve low risk of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) leaching were investigated. Treatments with reduced post-harvest tillage (one or two passes with duckfoot cultivator), hoeing between rows in combination with a cover crop, and a cover crop mown twice during autumn were compared with treatments with conventional disc cultivation and the control without tillage or cover crop. The study was conducted on a sandy soil in Sweden with measurements of N and P leaching. A 2-year experimental protocol was used, repeated twice. Treatments were implemented in the first year, and effects on couch grass (shoot density, shoot and rhizome biomass) were measured during autumn and in the second year. Significant effects of a single duckfoot cultivation and cover crop strategies were observed on couch grass shoot density in autumn but persistent effects were not verified. In conclusion, a single cultivation after harvest instead of repeated reduced the risk of N leaching and a cover crop in combination with hoeing or mowing effectively reduced it. Repeated cultivations resulted in mean annual N leaching of 26 kg N ha -1 compared with 20 kg in the treatment with one cultivation, 17 kg in the control, 16 and 12 kg in cover crop treatments with mowing and hoeing, respectively. The P leaching was small (0.04-0.09 P ha -1 year -1 ), but there were indications of increased P drainage water concentrations in the treatment with a cover crop which was mown.

show abstract

“…This often leads to increasing problems with perennial weeds. Undersown cover crops and post-harvest mowing after the main crop harvest may help to control perennial weeds (Aronsson et al 2015, Ringselle et al 2015a), but cover crops have not always been effective (Brandsaeter et al 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensifying bare fallow strategies to control Elymus repens in organic soils

Lötjönen

Salonen

2016

AFSci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Perennial weeds are an increasing challenge in organic farming in the Nordic countries. The aim of this study was to compare different tillage methods in the control of Elymus repens by using two intensified bare fallow strategies. Two field experiments consisted of three ploughing methods and seven fallow methods. The experiments were carried out in organic soils in Central Finland. The methods applied in the brief fallow before cereal sowing (exp. 1) were not effective enough against E. repens. Due to wet weather conditions in the spring the fallow period was limited to two weeks in both years, which did not seem to be enough time. In the late summer fallow after ley (exp. 2), the Kvick-Finn weed-cultivator destroyed E. repens very effectively; on average 5% of E. repens remained alive in the barley crop in the autumn of the following year. After use of ordinary cultivators 10% of E. repens remained alive, after use of the spade harrow 25% and after frequent mowing over 50% remained alive, respectively. As a result of effective E. repens control, barley yield was about 1000 kg ha -1 higher than without any fallow. In conclusion, effective control of E. repens is achieved with proper machinery and repeated treatments at the optimal time.

show abstract

Under‐sown cover crops and post‐harvest mowing as measures to control Elymus repens

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Tolerance of Swallowworts (Vincetoxicumspp.) to Multiple Years of Artificial Defoliation and Clipping

Tolerance of Swallowworts (Vincetoxicumspp.) to Multiple Years of Artificial Defoliation and Clipping

Combining mechanical control of couch grass (Elymus repens L.) with reduced tillage in early autumn and cover crops to decrease nitrogen and phosphorus leaching

Intensifying bare fallow strategies to control Elymus repens in organic soils

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About