Under pressure: Women’s leadership during the COVID-19 crisis

Bruce, Raphael; Cavgias, Alexsandros; Meloni, Luis; Remígio, Mário

doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2021.102761

Cited by 41 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In it, researchers from economics and business departments and institutes, mostly in Germany, used the synthetic control method to analyse what was in effect the natural experiment of local policy-makers introducing mask mandates at different times [ 205 ]. Its findings that face masks reduced the number of newly registered cases of COVID-19 by between 15 and 75% over a period of 20 days from their mandatory introduction were published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, and widely reported and cited in Germany and internationally [ 206 , 207 ].…”

Section: Identifying Lessons and Recommendations From Hrs Achievement...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in the United Kingdom the vaccine rollout organized by the Vaccine Task Force led by Kate Bingham, which had responsibility for the whole vaccine programme in the United Kingdom, was seen as being particularly rapid and effective [ 103 , 210 ], although as Table 1 shows, the vaccination rate in the United Kingdom, along with that in the United States, is now falling behind other nations. In both Brazil and the United States, some local leaders were more willing than others to draw on the evidence to inform policies [ 206 , 264 , 265 ]. For example, a study in Brazil showed there were on average fewer deaths and hospitalizations in municipalities with a female mayor, and that “[l]ower overconfidence and more weight to scientific advice among female leaders may also explain why they enforce more NPIs” [ 206 ].…”

Section: Identifying Lessons and Recommendations From Hrs Achievement...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both Brazil and the United States, some local leaders were more willing than others to draw on the evidence to inform policies [ 206 , 264 , 265 ]. For example, a study in Brazil showed there were on average fewer deaths and hospitalizations in municipalities with a female mayor, and that “[l]ower overconfidence and more weight to scientific advice among female leaders may also explain why they enforce more NPIs” [ 206 ].…”

Section: Identifying Lessons and Recommendations From Hrs Achievement...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Saving millions of lives but some resources squandered: emerging lessons from health research system pandemic achievements and challenges

Hanney

Straus

Holmes

2022

Health Res Policy Sys

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During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, astonishingly rapid research averted millions of deaths worldwide through new vaccines and repurposed and new drugs. Evidence use informed life-saving national policies including non-pharmaceutical interventions. Simultaneously, there was unprecedented waste, with many underpowered trials on the same drugs. We identified lessons from COVID-19 research responses by applying WHO’s framework for research systems. It has four functions—governance, securing finance, capacity-building, and production and use of research—and nine components. Two linked questions focused the analysis. First, to what extent have achievements in knowledge production and evidence use built on existing structures and capacity in national health research systems? Second, did the features of such systems mitigate waste? We collated evidence on seven countries, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States, to identify examples of achievements and challenges.We used the data to develop lessons for each framework component. Research coordination, prioritization and expedited ethics approval contributed to rapid identification of new therapies, including dexamethasone in the United Kingdom and Brazil. Accelerated vaccines depended on extensive funding, especially through the Operation Warp Speed initiative in the United States, and new platforms created through long-term biomedical research capacity in the United Kingdom and, for messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines, in Canada, Germany and the United States. Research capacity embedded in the United Kingdom’s healthcare system resulted in trial acceleration and waste avoidance. Faster publication of research saved lives, but raised challenges. Public/private collaborations made major contributions to vastly accelerating new products, available worldwide, though unequally. Effective developments of living (i.e. regularly updated) reviews and guidelines, especially in Australia and Canada, extended existing expertise in meeting users’ needs. Despite complexities, effective national policy responses (less evident in Brazil, the United Kingdom and the United States) also saved lives by drawing on health research system features, including collaboration among politicians, civil servants and researchers; good communications; and willingness to use evidence. Comprehensive health research strategies contributed to success in research production in the United Kingdom and in evidence use by political leadership in New Zealand. In addition to waste, challenges included equity issues, public involvement and non-COVID research. We developed recommendations, but advocate studies of further countries.

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Section: Identifying Lessons and Recommendations From Hrs Achievement...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identifying Lessons and Recommendations From Hrs Achievement...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identifying Lessons and Recommendations From Hrs Achievement...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Saving millions of lives but some resources squandered: emerging lessons from health research system pandemic achievements and challenges

Hanney

Straus

Holmes

2022

Health Res Policy Sys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most interestingly, they found that social distancing has a positive impact on these markets and that the closure of nonessential services negatively influences these markets. In the same country, Bruce et al (2022) studied the effect of women's public leadership during the Covid-19 epidemic. They found that municipalities headed by women have recorded fewer deaths and hospitalizations per 100,000 populations and implemented more nonpharmaceutical interventions.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19 impact on Latin and Asian stock markets

Abdelkafi

Romdhane²,

Loukil³

et al. 2022

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic relationship between 19 pandemic and government actions, such as governmental response index and economic support packages.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a panel dataset of 10 American and Latin countries for the period spanning from January 2020 to April 2021 to analyze the effect of government actions on stock market returns. The authors provide robust test results that improve the understanding of the impact of the pandemic on stock market indices through the break-up structure method and the new measure of Covid-19 extracted from Narayan et al. (2021) study.FindingsEmpirical results show the harmful effect of the corona virus on stock prices, hence the risk adverse behavior of investors. On the other hand, the quantitative approach reveals that the positive impact of government actions is degraded during Covid-19.Originality/valueThis article highlight that government actions may be effective in reducing new infections but could generate perverse economic impact through increasing uncertainty. The authors conclude that the adjustment of macroeconomic factors and the integration of financial news improve the forecasting performance of the model based on health news.

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