Under pressure: investigating the biology of plant infection by Magnaporthe oryzae

Wilson, Richard A.; Talbot, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1038/nrmicro2032

Cited by 821 publications

(755 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…However, blast resistance can be rapidly broken down due to the race diversity of M. oryzae [47]. Thus, breeding rice for broad-spectrum blast resistance has been a long-term task for rice breeders, with limited success due to the availability of resistance genes and our limited knowledge of resistance mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice RING protein OsBBI1 with E3 ligase activity confers broad-spectrum resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae by modifying the cell wall defence

Zhong

et al. 2011

Cell Res

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Emerging evidence suggests that E3 ligases play critical roles in diverse biological processes, including innate immune responses in plants. However, the mechanism of the E3 ligase involvement in plant innate immunity is unclear. We report that a rice gene, OsBBI1, encoding a RING finger protein with E3 ligase activity, mediates broad-spectrum disease resistance. The expression of OsBBI1 was induced by rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, as well as chemical inducers, benzothiadiazole and salicylic acid. Biochemical analysis revealed that OsBBI1 protein possesses E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro. Genetic analysis revealed that the loss of OsBBI1 function in a Tos17-insertion line increased susceptibility, while the overexpression of OsBBI1 in transgenic plants conferred enhanced resistance to multiple races of M. oryzae. This indicates that OsBBI1 modulates broad-spectrum resistance against the blast fungus. The OsBBI1-overexpressing plants showed higher levels of H 2 O 2 accumulation in cells and higher levels of phenolic compounds and cross-linking of proteins in cell walls at infection sites by M. oryzae compared with wild-type (WT) plants. The cell walls were thicker in the OsBBI1-overexpressing plants and thinner in the mutant plants than in the WT plants. Our results suggest that OsBBI1 modulates broad-spectrum resistance to blast fungus by modifying cell wall defence responses. The functional characterization of OsBBI1 provides insight into the E3 ligase-mediated innate immunity, and a practical tool for constructing broad-spectrum resistance against the most destructive disease in rice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice RING protein OsBBI1 with E3 ligase activity confers broad-spectrum resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae by modifying the cell wall defence

Zhong

et al. 2011

Cell Res

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“…In the past decade, there have been extensive studies on the molecular mechanisms that regulate appressorium morphogenesis and penetration in M. oryzae Wilson and Talbot, 2009). In addition to ALB1, BUF1, and RSY1, which are required for melanin synthesis, many genes that are important for appressorium formation and penetration have been characterized (Ebbole, 2007;Xu et al, 2007), including PTH12, MMT1, TPS1, CYP1, PLS1, MIG1, and MHP1 (Clergeot et al, 2001;Tucker et al, 2004;Wilson et al, 2007;Mehrabi et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ascomycetous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast, which is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) throughout the world (Dean et al, 2005;Wilson and Talbot, 2009). It produces three-celled pyriform conidia for dispersal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tig1 Histone Deacetylase Complex Regulates Infectious Growth in the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

et al. 2010

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Magnaporthe oryzae is the most damaging fungal pathogen of rice (Oryza sativa). In this study, we characterized the TIG1 transducin b-like gene required for infectious growth and its interacting genes that are required for plant infection in this model phytopathogenic fungus. Tig1 homologs in yeast and mammalian cells are part of a conserved histone deacetylase (HDAC) transcriptional corepressor complex. The tig1 deletion mutant was nonpathogenic and defective in conidiogenesis. It had an increased sensitivity to oxidative stress and failed to develop invasive hyphae in plant cells. Using affinity purification and coimmunoprecipitation assays, we identified several Tig1-associated proteins, including two HDACs that are homologous to components of the yeast Set3 complex. Functional analyses revealed that TIG1, SET3, SNT1, and HOS2 were core components of the Tig1 complex in M. oryzae. The set3, snt1, and hos2 deletion mutants displayed similar defects as those observed in the tig1 mutant, but deletion of HST1 or HOS4 had no detectable phenotypes. Deletion of any of these core components of the Tig1 complex resulted in a significant reduction in HDAC activities. Our results showed that TIG1, like its putative yeast and mammalian orthologs, is one component of a conserved HDAC complex that is required for infectious growth and conidiogenesis in M. oryzae and highlighted that chromatin modification is an essential regulatory mechanism during plant infection.

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“…Crop losses from plant-pathogenic fungi can, for example, be catastrophic: blast, wilt and rust fungal diseases all significantly impact upon yield, and their control is a significant component of the costs incurred by farmers (Zeigler et al, 1994;Wilson & Talbot, 2009;Desjardins, 2003;Staples, 2000). Contamination of food and feed with mycotoxins -particularly the carcinogen aflatoxin -also has far-reaching health implications (Calvo et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal physiology – a future perspective

Wilson

Talbot

2009

Microbiology

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The study of fungal physiology is set to change dramatically in the next few years as highly scalable technologies are deployed allowing accurate measurement and identification of metabolites, proteins and transcripts within cells. The advent of next-generation DNA-sequencing technologies will also provide genome sequence information from large numbers of industrially relevant and pathogenic fungal species, and allow comparative genome analysis between strains and populations of fungi. When coupled with advances in gene functional analysis, proteinprotein interaction studies, live cell imaging and mathematical modelling, this promises a stepchange in our understanding of how fungal cells operate as integrated dynamic living systems.

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Under pressure: investigating the biology of plant infection by Magnaporthe oryzae

Cited by 821 publications

References 88 publications

Rice RING protein OsBBI1 with E3 ligase activity confers broad-spectrum resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae by modifying the cell wall defence

Rice RING protein OsBBI1 with E3 ligase activity confers broad-spectrum resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae by modifying the cell wall defence

The Tig1 Histone Deacetylase Complex Regulates Infectious Growth in the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

Fungal physiology – a future perspective

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