Under-Ice Observations of Wintering Sites of Leopard Frogs

Emery, Alan R.; Berst, A. H.; Kodaira, Kakuya

doi:10.2307/1442788

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Colouration was dark and spotting was not very apparent. Eyes were always covered by the translucent nictitating membrane, as also observed by Emery et al (1972). Upon release, a frog's immediate reaction was to swim back toward the substrate and fo locate a suitable crevice beneath a rock.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The single recaptured individual suggests that at least some R. pipiens remain in the same area during the winter as its movement between January and March was less than 10 m. It is very likely, as Martof often of sufficient strength to move rubble of the sizes utilized by frogs. It is also that R. pipiens actively move to different sites throughout the winter, since they are capable of swimming even at water temperatures close to O°C (personal observations; Emery et al 1972). Such movements might be expected should localized conditions become unfavourable (e.g., anoxic) or if they were searching for food, although this is unlikely (Bradford 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Winter habitat of northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, in a southern Ontario stream

Cunjak¹

1986

Can. J. Zool.

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CUNJAK, R. A. 1986. Winter habitat of northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, in a southern Ontario stream. Can. J. Zool. 64: 255-257. The winter habitat of northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) in a southern Ontario stream is described from underwater snorkeling observations. Rana pipiens were located beneath rubble (13-40 cm diameter) generally where water depths were greater than 85 cm and the mean mid-depth water velocities were 22.5 cm/s. Water temperatures during the winter ranged between 0.5 and 2.1°C. Animals were quite torpid but still capable of swimming after being disturbed. Results from a limited marking study suggest that at least some R. pipiens remain in the same stream section throughout the winter months. Competition for similar winter shelters among various species of the stream community is suggested as a possible cause of reduced stream productivity where the availability of such habitats is limited. CUNJAK, R. A. 1986. Winter habitat of northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, in a southern Ontario stream. Can. J. Zool. 64: 255-257. Des observations sous l'eau permettent de decrire l'habitat d'hiver de la grenouille leopard (Rana pipiens) dans un ruisseau du sud de l'ontario. Les grenouilles se tiennent sous des moellons (13-40 cm de diamktre), generalement 8 des profondeurs supdrieures 8 85 cm, 18 oh la vitesse moyenne de l'eau 8 mi-profondeur est de 22,5 cm/s. En hiver, la temperature de l'eau varie entre 0,5 et 2,1°C. Les grenouilles sont trks engourdies, mais encore capables de nager lorsqu'elles sont dkrangees. Des marquages 8 une petite echelle ont permis d'ktablir qu'au moins certaines des grenouilles demeurent dans la meme section du ruisseau durant tous les mois d'hiver. 11 semble que la compdtition pour des abris d'hiver semblables chez les diverses espkces de la communautk du ruisseau soit responsable de la productivitk rkduite du ruisseau aux endroits oh ces abris sont peu nombreux.[Traduit par le journal]

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter habitat of northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, in a southern Ontario stream

Cunjak¹

1986

Can. J. Zool.

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“…In winter it depresses, though does not inhibit, frogs' feeding activity. Low temperatures during the cold season depress the activity of many anurans in coldtemperate climates, including the green frog, Rana clamitans (Martof 1956), the leopard frog, R. pipiens (Rand 1950, Emery et al 1972, Cunjak 1986) and the Columbia spotted frog, R. luteiventris (Bull and Hayes 2002), among others. In general, Pinder et al (1992) recognize that when amphibians hibernate there is a reduction of the metabolic rate due to the decline in environmental temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bull and Hayes (2002) have shown that Columbia spotted frog maintains discreet mobility in water below 3°C to make use of areas with greater oxygen content. Emery et al (1972) observed leopard frogs resting in small pits in an icecovered pond, sometimes lightly covered with silt and all capable of some movement. In the southern hemisphere, frogs and tadpoles of Alsodes gargola inhabiting harsh AndeanPatagonian alpine environments are active or respond to manual stimulation during real or simulated overwintering conditions, and are in good physical condition at the beginning of the thaw Úbeda 2004, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atividade trófica sazonal do morfótipo aquático de Atelognathus patagonicus (Anura, Neobatrachia) e disponibilidade de presas no bentos litorâneo de uma lagoa permanente da Patagônia Argentina

Cuello¹,

Úbeda²,

Bello³

et al. 2009

Phyllomedusa

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Seasonal trophic activity of the aquatic morphotype of Atelognathus patagonicus (Anura, Neobatrachia) and prey availability in the littoral benthos of a permanent pond in Argentinean Patagonia. The diet of the aquatic morphotype of Atelognathus patagonicus was studied in frogs collected from the Laguna Verde pond (Laguna Blanca National Park, Neuquén, Argentina). The content of 35 gastrointestinal tracts of post-metamorphic specimens from November 2003 to April 2006 was related to the composition of the benthos in their microhabitat. Number, size, occurrence and relative importance of preys, diversity of the diet, trophic niche breadth and electivity were estimated for each season of the year. The diet consisted of aquatic arthropods. The composition of both the benthos and the food (number and occurrence of organisms in the diet) were dominated by the amphipod Hyalella sp. The relative importance (IRI) of Hyalella sp. in the diet was over 99% in summer and autumn, and 100% in winter and spring. Diptera and Copepoda in summer, and Dytiscidae and Ostracoda in autumn, had seasonal IRI values ≤ 0.2%. Trophic niche breadth was very low in summer and autumn, and null (= 0) in winter and spring. The mean number of preys per individual was highest in spring (19 preys/frog) and lowest in winter (4 preys/frog). Frogs continued with their trophic activity in winter, even when the surface of the pond was frozen. There is a correspondence between the frogs' main food item and its presence in the benthos. O número, o tamanho, a ocorrência e a importância relativa das presas, a diversidade da dieta, a amplitude do nicho trófico e a eletividade foram estimados para cada estação do ano. A dieta consistiu de artrópodes aquáticos. A composição do bentos e da dieta (número e ocorrência de organismos na dieta) foram dominadas pelo anfípode Hyalella sp. A importância relativa (IRI) de Hyalella sp. na dieta foi maior que 99% no verão e no outono e de 100% no inverno e na primavera. Diptera e Copepoda no verão e Dytiscidae e Ostracoda no outono tiveram valores sazonais de IRI ≤ 0,2%. A amplitude do nicho trófico foi muito baixa no verão e no outono e nula (= 0) no inverno e na primavera. O número médio de presas por indivíduo foi maior na primavera (19) e menor no inverno (4). Os anuros continuaram a se alimentar no inverno, mesmo após o congelamento da superfície da lagoa. Há uma correspondência entre o principal item alimentar desses anuros e sua presença no bentos.

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“…Ranid frogs living in northern latitudes (e.g. bullfrogs, common frogs, leopard frogs) survive cold winters in aquatic habitats that may be completely covered by ice (Emery et al, 1972;Willis et al, 1956). The respiratory and energetic challenges associated with overwintering submergence in frogs, including complete reliance on cutaneous gas exchange, exercise capacity, acid-base balance, hypoxia tolerance and induction of metabolic suppression, are well understood (Donohoe et al, 1998(Donohoe et al, , 2000St-Pierre et al, 2000;Boutilier, 1997, 1999a,b;Tattersall and Ultsch, 2008;West et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of lung ventilation following overwintering conditions in bullfrogs,Lithobates catesbeianus

Santin

Hartzler

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Ranid frogs in northern latitudes survive winter at cold temperatures in aquatic habitats often completely covered by ice. Cold-submerged frogs survive aerobically for several months relying exclusively on cutaneous gas exchange while maintaining temperature-specific acidbase balance. Depending on the overwintering hibernaculum, frogs in northern latitudes could spend several months without access to air, the need to breathe or the chemosensory drive to use neuromuscular processes that regulate and enable pulmonary ventilation. Therefore, we performed experiments to determine whether aspects of the respiratory control system of bullfrogs, Lithobates catesbeianus, are maintained or suppressed following minimal use of air breathing in overwintering environments. Based on the necessity for control of lung ventilation in early spring, we hypothesized that critical components of the respiratory control system of bullfrogs would be functional following simulated overwintering. We found that bullfrogs recently removed from simulated overwintering environments exhibited similar resting ventilation when assessed at 24°C compared with warm-acclimated control bullfrogs. Additionally, ventilation met resting metabolic and, presumably, acid-base regulation requirements, indicating preservation of basal respiratory function despite prolonged disuse in the cold. Recently emerged bullfrogs underwent similar increases in ventilation during acute oxygen lack (aerial hypoxia) compared with warm-acclimated frogs; however, CO 2 -related hyperventilation was significantly blunted following overwintering. Overcoming challenges to gas exchange during overwintering have garnered attention in ectothermic vertebrates, but this study uncovers robust and labile aspects of the respiratory control system at a time point correlating with early spring following minimal to no use of lung breathing in coldaquatic overwintering habitats.

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Under-Ice Observations of Wintering Sites of Leopard Frogs

Cited by 43 publications

References 9 publications

Winter habitat of northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, in a southern Ontario stream

Winter habitat of northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, in a southern Ontario stream

Atividade trófica sazonal do morfótipo aquático de Atelognathus patagonicus (Anura, Neobatrachia) e disponibilidade de presas no bentos litorâneo de uma lagoa permanente da Patagônia Argentina

Control of lung ventilation following overwintering conditions in bullfrogs,Lithobates catesbeianus

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