Uncrossed cortico-muscular projections in humans are abundant to facial muscles of the upper and lower face, but may differ between sexes

Fischer, Urs; Heß, Christian; Rösler, Kai M.

doi:10.1007/s00415-005-0592-7

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the literature, a forehead motor representation has been found in primary motor cortex. In accordance with previous data,19, 20 we show that voluntary forehead movements are present in the Rolandic region but also in the ACA territory. What is more puzzling is the presence of mouth closure weakness in ACA infarction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Central facial palsy revisited: A clinical‐radiological study

Cattaneo

Saccani

Giampaulis

et al. 2010

Annals of Neurology

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We investigated the pattern of volitional facial motor deficits in acute stroke patients. We assessed the strength of single facial movements and correlated it to the site of infarct classified on computed tomography scans. Exclusion criteria were previous stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, and subcortical stroke. Results showed that weakness in eyelid closure was associated with anterior cerebral artery (ACA) stroke. Weakness in lip opening was associated with middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke. We suggest that sparing of upper facial movements in MCA stroke is due to the presence of an upper face motor representation in both the MCA and ACA territories.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Central facial palsy revisited: A clinical‐radiological study

Cattaneo

Saccani

Giampaulis

et al. 2010

Annals of Neurology

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“…The authors found similar latencies in ipsilateral and contralateral MEPs, confirming an ipsilateral corticobulbar projection to upper and lower facial muscles 17. Demonstration of an important input from both hemispheres on either side of the lower face is relevant for the pathophysiological interpretation of facial palsies due to cortical lesions 15 17. The clinical observation that upper facial muscles are often spared in central facial palsies may be due to a greater amount of subcorticobulbar input to these muscle 15.…”

Section: Physiological Basis Of Facial Motor Controlmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Demonstration of an important input from both hemispheres on either side of the lower face is relevant for the pathophysiological interpretation of facial palsies due to cortical lesions 15 17. The clinical observation that upper facial muscles are often spared in central facial palsies may be due to a greater amount of subcorticobulbar input to these muscle 15. Again, demonstration of uncrossed cortical projections to the lower facial muscle does not support the assumption of the hemispheric lateralisation of emotions 15…”

Section: Physiological Basis Of Facial Motor Controlmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…There is experimental evidence, however, challenging the traditional view of contralateral cortical innervation of the lower facial motor neurones and providing evidence for M1 projections to the ipsilateral lower facial muscle in humans 13–16. The observation that latencies of the ipsilateral and contralateral MEPs were similar makes unlikely the possibility that MEPs ipsilateral to the stimulated hemisphere were mediated through interhemispheric connections or other polysynaptic circuits crossing back over the midline at the brainstem level 15. A number of methodological issues and possible confounding factors due to possible contamination of the blink reflex responses, or volume conduction, during the facial MEPs recordings have also been taken into account 12 13.…”

Section: Physiological Basis Of Facial Motor Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facial bradykinesia

Bologna

Fabbrini

Marsili

et al. 2012

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

131

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The aim of this paper is to summarise the main clinical and pathophysiological features of facial bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease (PD) and in atypical parkinsonism. Clinical observation suggests that reduced spontaneous and emotional facial expressions are features of facial bradykinesia in PD and atypical parkinsonism. In atypical parkinsonism, facial bradykinesia is complicated by additional dystonic features. Experimental studies evaluating spontaneous and emotional facial movements demonstrate that PD is characterised by a reduction in spontaneous blinking and emotional facial expression. In PD, neurophysiological studies show that voluntary orofacial movements are smaller in amplitude and slower in velocity. In contrast, movements of the upper face (eg, voluntary blinking) are normal in terms of velocity and amplitude but impaired in terms of switching between the closing and opening phases. In progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), voluntary blinking is not only characterised by a severely impaired switching between the closing and opening phases of voluntary blinking, but is also slow in comparison with PD. In conclusion, in PD, facial bradykinesia reflects abnormalities of spontaneous, emotional and voluntary facial movements. In PSP, spontaneous and voluntary facial movements are abnormal but experimental studies on emotional facial movements are lacking. Data on facial bradykinesia in other atypical parkinsonism diseases, including multiple system atrophy and corticobasal degeneration, are limited. In PD, facial bradykinesia is primarily mediated by basal ganglia dysfunction whereas in PSP, facial bradykinesia is a consequence of a widespread degeneration involving the basal ganglia, cortical and brainstem structures.

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“…Choo et al (2010) interpreted their results to indicate AWS have less left cerebral dominance for speech, as they activated left LL more than right, while the normally fluent controls showed the reverse pattern R>L. We suggest that this interpretation is overly simplistic in light of recent evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation studies. Stimulation of primary motor facial areas in each hemisphere typically produces contralateral and ipsilateral activation of LL muscles in human subjects (Fischer, Hess, Rössler, 2005; Meyer, Werhahn, Rothwell, Roericht, & Fauth, 1994; Triggs, Ghacibeh, Springer, & Bowers, 2005; Urban, Beer, & Hopf, 1997). Triggs et al (2005) reported considerable variability among the large number of adults they tested, but there was a trend for left LL muscle activity to be evoked at lower thresholds from both right and left primary motor areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Electromyography Activation Patterns for Speech Are Similar in Preschoolers Who Do and Do Not Stutter

Walsh

Smith

2013

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose We determined whether basic patterns of muscle activation for speech were similar in preschool children who stutter and their fluent peers. Method We recorded right and left lower lip muscle activity during conversational speech and sentence repetition in 64 preschool children (CWS) diagnosed as stuttering and in 40 children who do not stutter (CWNS). Measures of EMG amplitude, right/left asymmetry, and bilateral coordination were computed for fluent speech. The potential presence of tremor-like oscillations during disfluencies of CWS was assessed, and EMG amplitudes of fluent and disfluent speech were compared in CWS. Results Across both speaking tasks lip muscle activation was similar in CWS and CWNS in overall amplitude, bilateral synchrony, and degree of right/left asymmetry. EMG amplitude was reduced during disfluent compared to fluent conversational speech of CWS, and there was no evidence of tremor in the disfluencies of CWS. Conclusion These results support the assertion that stuttering in young children arises not from basic features of muscle contraction, but rather from the command signals that control the timing and amplitude of muscle activity. Our results indicate that no frank abnormality is present in muscle activation patterns in preschoolers who stutter.

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Uncrossed cortico-muscular projections in humans are abundant to facial muscles of the upper and lower face, but may differ between sexes

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Central facial palsy revisited: A clinical‐radiological study

Central facial palsy revisited: A clinical‐radiological study

Facial bradykinesia

Oral Electromyography Activation Patterns for Speech Are Similar in Preschoolers Who Do and Do Not Stutter

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