Uncritical use of bone mineral density in absorptiometry may lead to size-related artifacts in the identification of bone mineral determinants

Prentice, Ann; Parsons, Tessa J.; Cole, Tim

doi:10.1093/ajcn/60.6.837

Cited by 542 publications

(398 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A coefficient of 1 for the postmenopausal Chinese women confirmed a linear relationship between tOC and ucOC, but this was not evident in either the British and Gambian postmenopausal data. Coefficient values close to 2 demonstrated that ucOC and tOC were related in an approximately squared manner, which means that 2% increase in ucOC was matched by 1% increase in tOC (Prentice et al, 1994).…”

Section: Relative Concentrations Of Undercarboxylated Osteocalcinmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Ethnic differences in osteocalcin γ-carboxylation, plasma phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and apolipoprotein E genotype

et al. 2004

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Objective: To investigate plasma osteocalcin g-carboxylation and its relationship to plasma phylloquinone concentration and apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype in women from three ethnic groups with differing osteoporotic fracture risk. Design and subjects: Fasted blood samples were collected from postmenopausal Gambian (n ¼ 50), British (n ¼ 31) and Chinese women (n ¼ 23), and 11 premenopausal women in each group from three cross-sectional studies. Results: After adjustment for total osteocalcin, plasma undercarboxylated osteocalcin (adjusted ucOC) was lowest in Chinese and highest in British women postmenopause (British vs Chinese 103% higher, Po0.0001; Gambian vs Chinese 66% higher, Po0.01). No differences were observed premenopause. Within each ethnic group, adjusted ucOC was similar pre-and postmenopause. Postmenopause, plasma phylloquinone was higher in Chinese women (1.0 ng/ml) than in British (0.31 ng/ml) and Gambian women (0.36 ng/ml) (Po0.0001). Premenopause, plasma phylloquinone was higher in Gambian and Chinese women (0.6 ng/ml) than in British women (0.3 ng/ml; P ¼ 0.01). Plasma phylloquinone and adjusted ucOC were inversely related in postmenopausal British women (R 2 ¼ 32.4%; P ¼ 0.0008). ApoE4 frequency was Gambian 32.6%, British 13.8% and Chinese 6%. A lower adjusted ucOC was associated with apoE2 genotype in British and Chinese women. Ethnic differences in adjusted ucOC persisted after adjustment for phylloquinone and apoE genotype. Conclusion: These preliminary data indicate suboptimal vitamin K status in postmenopausal British compared to Chinese and Gambian women. Ethnic differences in apoE genotype may also influence osteocalcin g-carboxylation status. The study highlights the need for larger epidemiological investigations of ethnic differences in vitamin K status and the possible implications to bone health. Sponsorship: This work was funded by the MRC.

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Section: Relative Concentrations Of Undercarboxylated Osteocalcinmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The 95% level of significance (Po0.05) was taken as evidence against the null hypothesis. Continuous variables were transformed to a natural logarithm scale to allow expression of proportional differences between groups (Prentice et al, 1994). In all cases, the distributions of the logged variables approximated normality.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic differences in osteocalcin γ-carboxylation, plasma phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and apolipoprotein E genotype

et al. 2004

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“…Highly intercorrelated independent variables (r Ͼ 0.7) in the multiple model were avoided. To reduce the possibility of body size-related artifacts, the bone area, weight, and height were included in the multiple regression models (24). We also used a variance component model to compare controls and patients while controlling for potential confounders.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A two‐year prospective controlled study of bone mass and bone turnover in children with early juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Lien¹,

Selvaag²,

Flatø³

et al. 2005

Arthritis & Rheumatism

103

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Objective. To explore early changes and predictors of bone mass in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in order to identify patients who will develop bone mass reductions.Methods. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 108 children with early JIA (ages 6-18 years; mean disease duration 19.3 months) who were individually matched with 108 healthy children for age, sex, race, and county of residence. Bone mass and changes in total body, spine, femur, and forearm bone mineral density and bone mineral content (BMC), body composition, growth, and biochemical parameters of bone turnover were examined at baseline and at followup a mean of 24 months later. Low bone mass was defined as a Z score >1 SD below the reference population.Results. Of the 200 children evaluated at followup, the 100 healthy children had greater gains in total body BMC (P ‫؍‬ 0.035), distal radius BMC (P < 0.001), and total body lean mass (P < 0.001) than did the 100 JIA patients. Low or very low total body BMC was observed in 24% of the patients and 12% of the healthy children. Bone formation, bone resorption, and weight-bearing activities were reduced in the patients compared with the healthy children. Multiple regression analysis showed that in patients with JIA, serum bonespecific alkaline phosphatase, serum C-telopeptide of type I collagen, and weight-bearing activities were independent predictors of changes in total body BMC. Total body BMC was lower in patients with polyarticular onset than in those with oligoarticular disease onset.Conclusion. Patients with JIA have moderate reductions in bone mass gains, bone turnover, and total body lean mass early in the disease course.

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“…Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate the impact of disease variables on bone mass measurements. To avoid the possibility of size-related artifacts, bone area, weight, and height were included in the multiple regression models, as proposed by Prenctice et al (37). Additional variables that are considered to be possible predictors of BMC are listed in Table 4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of osteopenia in children and young adults with childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus

Lilleby¹,

Lien²,

Frøslie³

et al. 2005

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. To determine the frequency of osteopenia in patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared with that in healthy matched controls, and to evaluate the relationship between disease-related variables and bone mineral mass.Methods. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured in a cohort of 70 patients with childhood-onset SLE (mean ؎ SD disease duration 10.8 ؎ 8.3 years, mean ؎ SD age 26.4 ؎ 9.9 years) and 70 age-and sex-matched healthy controls. BMD and BMC of the femoral neck, lumbar spine, total body, and distal one-third of the radius were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry. We investigated the relationship between BMC and the following disease variables: cumulative dose of corticosteroids, organ damage, current use of corticosteroids, use of cyclophosphamide, age at disease onset, and disease activity at the time of diagnosis. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism were also measured.Results. BMD values for the lumbar spine and femoral neck were significantly lower in patients than in healthy controls. The reduction in BMD of the lumbar spine was significantly greater than that of the total body. In multiple linear regression analyses, a higher cumulative corticosteroid dose was significantly associated with lower BMC of the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Decreased lumbar spine BMC was also related to male sex.Conclusion. The frequency of osteopenia was higher in patients with childhood-onset SLE than in matched controls. The lumbar spine was the most seriously affected skeletal site, followed by the femoral neck. The cumulative dose of corticosteroids was shown to be an important explanatory variable for BMC values in the lumbar spine and femoral neck.

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Uncritical use of bone mineral density in absorptiometry may lead to size-related artifacts in the identification of bone mineral determinants

Cited by 542 publications

References 5 publications

Ethnic differences in osteocalcin γ-carboxylation, plasma phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and apolipoprotein E genotype

Ethnic differences in osteocalcin γ-carboxylation, plasma phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and apolipoprotein E genotype

A two‐year prospective controlled study of bone mass and bone turnover in children with early juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Frequency of osteopenia in children and young adults with childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus

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