Uncovering the relationship between defence and orienting in emotion: Cardiac reactivity to unpleasant pictures

Sánchez-Navarro, Juan P.; Martínez-Selva, José M.; Román, Francisco J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.10.023

Cited by 41 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…First, we found evidence for an initial ''freezing'' response with unpleasant images. Potentially threatening stimuli are thought to be processed in a fast and automatic fashion, resulting in behavior changes such as heart rate deceleration and attentive immobility [3,4,14,20]. In our experiment this immobility became manifest as shorter sway path length.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Organization of voluntary stepping in response to emotion-inducing pictures

Stins

Beek

2011

Gait & Posture

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Organization of voluntary stepping in response to emotion-inducing pictures

Stins

Beek

2011

Gait & Posture

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“…In all cases, the reduction in HR was very limited (2-3 beats/min). It has been suggested that HR decreases in response to a stimulus which requires particular attention and detailed visual inspection (''attentional'' or ''alerting'' response) [56,71,72]. Similar responses have been observed in animals [53,61,64].…”

Section: Vasovagal Reaction In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…A sudden loud noise consistently evokes an acceleration in HR, whereas low-intensity auditory stimuli, or visual stimuli such as unpleasant pictures, can induce a reduction in HR [41,46,72]. In a subsequent study, however, a slowing of HR was observed in several subjects regardless of the type of picture shown (pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral) [56]. In all cases, the reduction in HR was very limited (2-3 beats/min).…”

Section: Vasovagal Reaction In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…In humans, the general response to emotion, fear or threat usually involves an increase in HR and BP, though a decrease in HR has also been observed in such situations [41,46,56,71,72]. A sudden loud noise consistently evokes an acceleration in HR, whereas low-intensity auditory stimuli, or visual stimuli such as unpleasant pictures, can induce a reduction in HR [41,46,72].…”

Section: Vasovagal Reaction In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The origin of vasovagal syncope: to protect the heart or to escape predation?

Alboni

Bertorelle

2008

Clin Auton Res

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Major lines of evidence suggest that classical (emotional and orthostatic) vasovagal syncope (VVS) is not a disease, but rather a manifestation of a non-pathological trait. It is, therefore, reasonable to investigate the possible factors that may explain its origin and evolution. We reviewed the data available in the literature on the vasovagal reaction in humans and animals in order to identify possible similarities that might provide insight into the evolution of VVS. We found two processes which appear relevant to the investigation of VVS evolution: fear and threat bradycardia in animals, and the vasovagal reflex during hemorrhagic shock in humans and animals. We suggest that VVS in humans involves physiological mechanisms similar to those found in other vertebrates, and that this may indicate a common evolutionary root. The available data seem to suggest that VVS evolved as an advantageous response to inescapable predators or to stressful and possibly dangerous heart conditions. The inhibition of the sympathetic system, together with activation of the vagal system, characterizes VVS. The consequent slowing of the heart rate induced by VVS may constitute a beneficial break of the cardiac pump, thereby reducing myocardial oxygen consumption. We suggest that classical VVS did not evolve recently in the modern human lineage; rather, it should be regarded as a selected response, which probably evolved in the ancient past as a "defense mechanism" of the organism within some ancestral group(s) of vertebrates.

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“…However, a second explanation for HR deceleration in low intensity static sadness context is that HR deceleration indicates attention to a novel stimulus rather than any empathic reaction. Support for this explanation comes from studies reporting an initial brief HR deceleration followed by HR acceleration [14,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s Heart Rate and Vicariously Aroused Affect in Response to Others’ Differing Emotional Experiences

Anastassiou‐Hadjicharalambous¹,

Warden²

2008

TOPSYJ

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This study examined vicariously induced Heart Rate (HR) patterns in response to others' sadness, fear, anger and happiness, in children (N = 44, 22 girls and 22 boys, aged 7 to 10), when confronted with a brief emotion evocative film consisting of a series of evocative episodes each of which was of at least moderate intensity. HR was consistently higher relative to baseline in response to others' fear (p < .001), sadness (p < .011), anger (p < .014) and the positive emotion of happiness/surprise (p < .002). These findings suggest that HR can reliably be used as a marker of vicariously aroused affect in response to a range of different emotions in children, given that stimulus intensity is at least moderate.

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Uncovering the relationship between defence and orienting in emotion: Cardiac reactivity to unpleasant pictures

Cited by 41 publications

References 41 publications

Organization of voluntary stepping in response to emotion-inducing pictures

Organization of voluntary stepping in response to emotion-inducing pictures

The origin of vasovagal syncope: to protect the heart or to escape predation?

Children’s Heart Rate and Vicariously Aroused Affect in Response to Others’ Differing Emotional Experiences

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