Uncovering a Hidden wireless menace: Interference from 802.11x MAC acknowledgment frames

Wang, Wei; Wang, Qiang; Leong, Weng Kee; Leong, Ben; Li, Yang

doi:10.1109/sahcn.2014.6990334

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…We can also see two distinct bandings with about 25% of the frames having an air time of 20 µs and 20% at 190 µs. Upon closer inspection, we found that the former 20 µs frames were MAC ACK frames [21] and the latter frames were multicast frames arising from the Neighbor Discovery Protocol of IPv6.…”

Section: Interfering Frame Air Time Mattersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To generate interference from AP-2, we connected another client (not shown in Figure 2) to AP-2 and sent a 1,500-byte non-saturating UDP flow to this interfering client from another machine in our laboratory. To mitigate MAC ACK interferences [21] from the interfering client, the interfering client was positioned further away from AP-1's client (i.e., on the "other" side of AP-2) and also operated at reduced transmission power. For each test, the UDP flows ran for 30 s and we measured the throughput obtained by AP-1's client.…”

Section: Impact Of Mim: a Qualitative Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the scenario with the client at Position-3 will be uncommon in enterprise WLANs (as the client will likely associate with the stronger AP-2), this scenario is likely to occur in unplanned 802.11 networks where a client does not have the choice of associating with a stronger AP [2]. In addition, the client may still be subject to strong interference from frames sent by the clients of neighboring APs [21].…”

Section: Impact Of Mim: a Qualitative Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential pitfalls of the message in message mechanism in modern 802.11 networks

Wang

Leong

2014

Proceedings of the 9th ACM International Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental Evaluation and Characterization

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We study the performance impact of the Message in Message (MIM) mechanism in modern 802.11 networks. The MIM mechanism refers to the capability of receiver to abandon an ongoing reception of an 802.11 MAC frame and shift to decode another frame with a higher signal strength. MIM is a common feature in modern 802.11 adapters and it has been shown to improve spatial concurrency. However, our measurement study in a campus WLAN shows that under certain conditions, MIM could cause a throughput degradation of more than 30% when enabled, instead of improving it as expected. With comprehensive experiments using commercial 802.11n adapters, we characterize the impact of MIM for a range of parameters and for different scenarios. We show that a simple adaptive MIM scheme can potentially achieve throughput that is close to the optimal. Our method is practical because it can be easily implemented in existing commodity 802.11 adapters.

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Section: Interfering Frame Air Time Mattersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of Mim: a Qualitative Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of Mim: a Qualitative Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential pitfalls of the message in message mechanism in modern 802.11 networks

Wang

Leong

2014

Proceedings of the 9th ACM International Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental Evaluation and Characterization

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“…On the other hand, without using circuits such as LNA or BPF, it is possible to detect hidden cameras, which emits low signals and works as WLAN, only by phone and software as detecting hidden wireless camera (DeWiCam) [12]. Wang W. et al were succeeded at uncovering hidden wireless threat by the help of interference method [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low noise amplifier design for hidden wireless lan applications using band pass filter with geometric mean prototype element values

DUMAN

2024

Sigma J Eng Nat Sci - Sigma Müh Fen Bil Derg

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Detection and perception problems may occur when the amplitude level of some signals that need to be received and detected is weak. Information that is requested to be kept confidential or not shared with other units is always available in the environment as wireless electromagnetic (EM) waves. Detection can only be made with the appropriate method. Thermal radiation emitted by objects that are intended to be hidden under clothing can also be given as an example. The signal level of these EM waves is very low. In this case, low noise amplifier (LNA) circuits are used to increase such values to a measurable level by network analyzer. In this study, a design with 17.19 dB gain for WLAN applications is made using BL011 LNA chip gathered from BeRex company with a 3rd order band pass filter (BPF) at 2.4 GHz center frequency, it has 200 MHz band width (BW) and 50 ohm characteristic impedance. An innovation has been introduced to design BPF as using the geometric mean prototype element values (PEV) by the help of geometric mean of 4 known techniques: Butterworth, Chebyshev (0.5 dB ripple), Bessel and Gauss (to 12 dB) normalized table values. According to the researches, the BPF circuit created by the geometric averaging method with the BL011 LNA chip has never been used to detect hidden EM signals in the WLAN band. Finally, the proposed BPF circuit is 2 in total, one at the input and one at the output; LNA circuit designed by using BL011 module and impedance matching circuit, a total of 3 consecutively connected and combined systems are formed. The proposed full system has the merits of compactness, good input reflection coefficient and good S21, gain characteristic.

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“…In [12], the loss of ACK due to the hidden node problem is studied in multihop wireless networks. In [13], the loss of data frames by the interference from ACK transmission in adjacent cells due to the hidden node problem is studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acknowledgement Corruption: A New Aspect of Physical Layer Capture in IEEE 802.11 Networks

Han

Choi

Han

2018

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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Even if a collision occurs in IEEE 802.11 network, a transmission may be successfully decoded at the receiver if the signal strength of one transmission is sufficiently stronger than the other transmission. This phenomenon is called "Physical Layer Capture" (PLC). While existing works have considered PLC between data frames, in this paper we investigate the case that an ACK frame collides with the unfinished transmission of other data frames after the occurrence of PLC between data frames. As a result of this collision, the ACK frame may be corrupted and the corresponding data frame needs to be retransmitted. We call this phenomenon "ACK Corruption" (AC). We identify the characteristic of AC via extensive experiments and simulations. Our study reveals that AC can occur in all IEEE 802.11 variants and its chance is dependent upon the relative signal strength between the stations and the MCS setting used. Further, we devise a way to avoid AC occurrence and evaluate its effectiveness.

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Uncovering a Hidden wireless menace: Interference from 802.11x MAC acknowledgment frames

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Potential pitfalls of the message in message mechanism in modern 802.11 networks

Potential pitfalls of the message in message mechanism in modern 802.11 networks

Low noise amplifier design for hidden wireless lan applications using band pass filter with geometric mean prototype element values

Acknowledgement Corruption: A New Aspect of Physical Layer Capture in IEEE 802.11 Networks

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