Uncoupling Protein-1 and Related Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in Human Epicardial and Other Adipose Tissues: Epicardial Fat Functioning as Brown Fat

Sacks, Harold S.; Fain, John N.; Holman, Ben; Cheema, Paramjeet; Chary, Aron; Parks, Frank; Karas, James G.; Optican, Robert J.; Bahouth, Suleiman W.; Garrett, Edward; Wolf, Rodney Y.; Carter, Russell A.; Robbins, Todd; Wolford, David; Samaha, Joseph

doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0571

Cited by 259 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…However, the presence and role of brown fat in humans is unclear. Very recently, expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), a marker of brown fat, has been reported in human epicardial fat [21]. UCP-1 expression was significantly higher in human epicardial fat than in other fat depots, therefore suggesting that epicardial fat might function in the same way as brown fat to help to defend the myocardium and coronary artery against hypothermia (Figure 2) [21].…”

Section: Epicardial Adipose Tissue As Brown Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very recently, expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), a marker of brown fat, has been reported in human epicardial fat [21]. UCP-1 expression was significantly higher in human epicardial fat than in other fat depots, therefore suggesting that epicardial fat might function in the same way as brown fat to help to defend the myocardium and coronary artery against hypothermia (Figure 2) [21]. UCP-1 expression was fivefold higher in epicardial fat than substernal fat and was largely undetectable in subcutaneous fat [21].…”

Section: Epicardial Adipose Tissue As Brown Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epicardial adipose tissue: emerging physiological, pathophysiological and clinical features

Iacobellis

Bianco

2011

Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism

460

407

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Epicardial adipose tissue is an unusual visceral fat depot with anatomical and functional contiguity to the myocardium and coronary arteries. Under physiological conditions, epicardial adipose tissue displays biochemical, mechanical and thermogenic cardioprotective properties. Under pathological circumstances, epicardial fat can locally affect the heart and coronary arteries through vasocrine or paracrine secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. What influences this equilibrium remains unclear. Improved local vascularization, weight loss, and targeted pharmaceutical interventions could help to return epicardial fat to its physiological role. This review focuses on the emerging physiological and pathophysiological aspects of the epicardial fat and its numerous and innovative clinical applications. Particular emphasis is placed on the paracrine/endocrine properties of epicardial fat and its role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.

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Section: Epicardial Adipose Tissue As Brown Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epicardial Adipose Tissue As Brown Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epicardial adipose tissue: emerging physiological, pathophysiological and clinical features

Iacobellis

Bianco

2011

Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism

460

407

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“…Recent studies have reported that human EAT expresses genes of the brown-like adipocytes, such as PGC1α, (UCP1), and PR-domain-missing 16 (PRDM16), suggesting that EAT may play a role in thermogenesis [13, 14]. However, it remains to be determined whether the brown fat-like gene expression in EAT is altered in CAD patients according to diabetes status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 2 diabetes is associated with decreased PGC1α expression in epicardial adipose tissue of patients with coronary artery disease

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAlthough recent studies indicate that epicardial adipose tissue expresses brown fat-like genes, such as PGC1α, UCP1 and PRDM16, the association of these genes with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unknown.MethodsPGC1α, UCP1, and PRDM16 mRNAs expression levels were measured by real-time PCR in epicardial and thoracic subcutaneous adipose tissue from 44 CAD patients (22 with DM2 [CAD-DM2] and 22 without DM2 [CAD-NDM2]) and 23 non-CAD patients (NCAD).ResultsThe CAD-DM2 patients had significantly lower PGC1α and UCP1 expression in epicardial adipose tissue than the CAD-NDM2 and NCAD patients. However, PGC1α and UCP1 mRNA trended upward in subcutaneous adipose tissue from CAD-DM2 patients. At multiple regression analysis, age, body mass index, left ventricular ejection fraction, UCP1 expression of epicardial adipose tissue and diabetes came out to be independent predictors of PGC1α levels. Epicardial adipose tissue PGC1α expression was dependent on the number of injured coronary arteries and logistic regression analysis showed that PGC1α expression in epicardial adipose tissue could exert a protective effect against coronary lesions.ConclusionsDM2 is associated with decreased expression of PGC1α and UCP1 mRNA in epicardial adipose tissue of patients with CAD, likely reflecting a loss of brown-like fat features. Decreased expression of PGC1α in human epicardial adipose tissue is associated with higher prevalence of coronary lesions.

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“…subcutaneous vs. coronary) and that these profiles are significantly altered in the setting of disease. Examination of PVAT surrounding the major coronary arteries suggests that this adipose depot is phenotypically consistent with both white and brown adipose tissue 54, 55 . Data from the Weintraub laboratory indicate that adipocytes from human coronary PVAT exhibit a reduced state of adipogenic differentiation compared to adipocytes from other depots from the same subjects (e.g.…”

Section: Expression Profiles In Coronary Pvatmentioning

confidence: 97%

Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Coronary Vascular Disease

Owen

Noblet

Sassoon

et al. 2014

ATVB

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Coronary perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a naturally occurring adipose tissue depot that normally surrounds the major coronary arteries on the surface of the heart. While originally thought to promote vascular health and integrity, there is a growing body of evidence to support that coronary PVAT displays a distinct phenotype relative to other adipose depots and is capable of producing local factors with the potential to augment coronary vascular tone, inflammation, and the initiation and progression of coronary artery disease. The purpose of the present review is outline previous findings regarding the cardiovascular effects of coronary PVAT and the potential mechanisms by which adipose-derived factors may influence coronary vascular function and the progression of atherogenesis.

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Uncoupling Protein-1 and Related Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in Human Epicardial and Other Adipose Tissues: Epicardial Fat Functioning as Brown Fat

Abstract: Because UCP-1 is expressed at high levels in epicardial fat as compared to other fat depots, the possibility should be considered that epicardial fat functions like brown fat to defend the myocardium and coronary vessels against hypothermia. This process could be blunted in the elderly.

Cited by 259 publications

References 16 publications

Epicardial adipose tissue: emerging physiological, pathophysiological and clinical features

Epicardial adipose tissue: emerging physiological, pathophysiological and clinical features

Type 2 diabetes is associated with decreased PGC1α expression in epicardial adipose tissue of patients with coronary artery disease

Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Coronary Vascular Disease

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