Unconscious Processing of Facial Expressions in Individuals with Internet Gaming Disorder

Peng, Xiaozhe; Cui, Fang; Wang, Ting; Chen, Jiao

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01059

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Internet addiction tended to evoke perceived stress, which our results were consistent with less happy expressions [41]. People with an internet gaming disorder manifested in above average time spent with this activity were found to have different kinds of unconscious neutral facial expressions, which depressed the expression of a smiling face [42]. Thus, these studies were all consistent with our results with the higher probability of a reduction with a happy expression in a population with higher ratio of internet users.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Relationship between the Facial Expression of People in University Campus and Host-City Variables

2020

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Public attitudes towards local university matters for the resource investment to sustainable science and technology. The application of machine learning techniques enables the evaluation of resource investments more precisely even at the national scale. In this study, a total number of 4327 selfies were collected from the social network services (SNS) platform of Sina Micro-Blog for check-in records of 92 211-Project university campuses from 82 cities of 31 Provinces across mainland China. Photos were analyzed by the FireFACETM-V1.0 software to obtain scores of happy and sad facial expressions and a positive response index (PRI) was calculated (happy-sad). One-way analysis of variance indicated that both happy and PRI scores were highest in Shandong University and lowest in Harbin Engineering University. The national distribution of positive expression scores was highest in Changchun, Jinan, and Guangzhou cities. The maximum likelihood estimates from general linear regression indicated that the city-variable of the number of regular institutions of higher learning had the positive contribution to the happy score. The number of internet accesses and area of residential housing contributed to the negative expression scores. Therefore, people tend to show positive expression at campuses in cities with more education infrastructures but fewer residences and internet users. The geospatial analysis of facial expression data can be one approach to supply theoretical evidence for the resource arrangement of sustainable science and technology from universities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Relationship between the Facial Expression of People in University Campus and Host-City Variables

2020

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“…One of the more unusual studies examining IGD with EEG is a study by Peng et al ( 72 ) who examined the unconscious processing of facial expressions among those with IGD. The authors claimed that “ IGD is characterized by impairments in social communication and the avoidance of social contact.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological Correlates in Internet Gaming Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review

2018

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Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is a potential mental disorder currently included in the third section of the latest (fifth) edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a condition that requires additional research to be included in the main manual. Although research efforts in the area have increased, there is a continuing debate about the respective criteria to use as well as the status of the condition as mental health concern. Rather than using diagnostic criteria which are based on subjective symptom experience, the National Institute of Mental Health advocates the use of Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) which may support classifying mental disorders based on dimensions of observable behavior and neurobiological measures because mental disorders are viewed as biological disorders that involve brain circuits that implicate specific domains of cognition, emotion, and behavior. Consequently, IGD should be classified on its underlying neurobiology, as well as its subjective symptom experience. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the neurobiological correlates involved in IGD based on the current literature base. Altogether, 853 studies on the neurobiological correlates were identified on ProQuest (in the following scholarly databases: ProQuest Psychology Journals, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, and ERIC) and on MEDLINE, with the application of the exclusion criteria resulting in reviewing a total of 27 studies, using fMRI, rsfMRI, VBM, PET, and EEG methods. The results indicate there are significant neurobiological differences between healthy controls and individuals with IGD. The included studies suggest that compared to healthy controls, gaming addicts have poorer response-inhibition and emotion regulation, impaired prefrontal cortex (PFC) functioning and cognitive control, poorer working memory and decision-making capabilities, decreased visual and auditory functioning, and a deficiency in their neuronal reward system, similar to those found in individuals with substance-related addictions. This suggests both substance-related addictions and behavioral addictions share common predisposing factors and may be part of an addiction syndrome. Future research should focus on replicating the reported findings in different cultural contexts, in support of a neurobiological basis of classifying IGD and related disorders.

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“…The limitation of the present study is that we did not quantify the social interaction function of individuals with IGD and did not analyze the correlation between the four ERP components of face processing (i.e., P100, N170, P200 and MMN) and the indicators of social function of individuals with IGD, which would have potentially affected the accuracy in the application of these four components to clinical diagnosis and the determination of symptom severity of individuals with IGD. To enhance the theoretical and applied value of research in this field, we consider not only remedying this limitation in our future research but also using facial expression as an independent variable to further explore the automatic detection of facial expression features of individuals with IGD and its relationship with indicators of social impairment (79).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Processing Advantage of Cartoon Face in Internet Gaming Disorder: Evidence From P100, N170, P200, and MMN

Zheng

Fan

et al. 2019

Front. Psychiatry

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Individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) show deficits in face processing due to long-term Internet-game social activities based on cartoon faces in the popular online game "Strike of Kings." However, the abnormal neurocognitive mechanism of face recognition and processing in individuals with IGD has not been systematically explored. This study used event-related potential (ERP) methods and the reversed deviant-standard oddball paradigm to comprehensively compare four ERP components, namely, P100, N170, P200, and mismatch negativity (MMN), induced in the unconscious and automatic processing of realistic and cartoon faces in individuals with IGD. Results showed that, with respect to cartoon faces, individuals with IGD exhibited not only P100, P200 and MMN enhancements but also the absence of the N170 dominance effect in the left hemisphere. Our results also demonstrated that individuals with IGD had the advantages of early automatic perception of cartoon faces and automatic detection of changes in "cartoon" features. This study enhances our understanding of the mechanism of IGD from the neurocognitive perspective and provides candidate electrophysiological indicators for the clinical diagnosis of IGD.

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Unconscious Processing of Facial Expressions in Individuals with Internet Gaming Disorder

Cited by 20 publications

References 69 publications

The Relationship between the Facial Expression of People in University Campus and Host-City Variables

The Relationship between the Facial Expression of People in University Campus and Host-City Variables

Neurobiological Correlates in Internet Gaming Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review

Automatic Processing Advantage of Cartoon Face in Internet Gaming Disorder: Evidence From P100, N170, P200, and MMN

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