2017
DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.10
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Uncompromised NK cell activation is essential for virus-specific CTL activity during acute influenza virus infection

Abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells are indispensable components of both the innate and adaptive immune response. However, their precise roles in the cross-talk between innate and adaptive immunity during influenza virus infection remain controversial. By comparing NK cell dynamics and activity under a sub-lethal dose and high dose of influenza virus infection, we showed that influenza virus PR8 directly infected NK cells during natural infection, which was consistent with our previous findings obtained from an in vitro… Show more

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Cited by 26 publications
(20 citation statements)
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References 44 publications
(54 reference statements)
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“…In line with this, our results suggest NK cells not to be crucial for anti-IAV defense in a sublethal challenge, as the defects in NK cell activation observed in TLR7-deficient mice did not show effects on the viral load. However, next to ensuring viral clearance, NK cells have been described to serve important functions in shaping adaptive antiviral responses in general ( 23 , 49 , 50 ) and also specifically in IAV infections ( 51 , 52 ). Importantly, TLR7 has also been shown to be significantly involved in the development of fully functional adaptive immune reactions, also in the context of vaccination and persistent viral infection ( 5 , 6 , 9 , 53 55 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In line with this, our results suggest NK cells not to be crucial for anti-IAV defense in a sublethal challenge, as the defects in NK cell activation observed in TLR7-deficient mice did not show effects on the viral load. However, next to ensuring viral clearance, NK cells have been described to serve important functions in shaping adaptive antiviral responses in general ( 23 , 49 , 50 ) and also specifically in IAV infections ( 51 , 52 ). Importantly, TLR7 has also been shown to be significantly involved in the development of fully functional adaptive immune reactions, also in the context of vaccination and persistent viral infection ( 5 , 6 , 9 , 53 55 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ifn-γ is secreted by T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, and macrophages (37). Ifn-γ promotes adaptive immunity by recruiting CD8 + lymphocytes (39), inducing CD4 + Th1 differentiation (40), activating NK cells (41), and orchestrating T cell responses during IAV infection (42). Infected Mmp-9 -/mice had higher lung Ifn-γ levels that peaked on day 7 p.i., coinciding with elevated Th1 CD4 + , cytotoxic CD8 + T cells, and Th1-like cytotoxic NK cell counts in their lungs.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Antibodies can also contribute to the lysis of infected cells via complement activation, antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity or activation of natural killer cells [12][13][14][15][16][17]. The activation of these specific effector mechanisms can lead to improved viral clearance but also to immune pathology, such as more severe forms of disease as a result of immune complexes [18].…”
Section: Epidemiology and Evolution Of Influenza Virusesmentioning
confidence: 99%