Uncommon Glioneuronal Tumors: A Radiologic and Pathologic Synopsis

Vaz, André; Cavalcanti, Marcella Santos; Silva, Erasmo Barros da; Ramina, Ricardo; Teixeira, Bernardo Corrêa de Almeida

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a7465

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…PGNT is a rare WHO grade I glial neuron tumor that accounts for 0.02% of all central nervous system tumors. The age of onset is 4–75 years old, the peak is of onset is 20–30 years old, and there is no significant sex predominance [ 2 , 6 ]. The male-to-female ratio of patients in this group was 1:1.1, with an average age of 22.5 years, and the age of onset was 3–43 years, which is consistent with the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging manifestations of papillary glioneuronal tumors

Du,

He,

et al. 2024

Neurosurg Rev

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To analyse the imaging findings of papillary glioneuronal tumors (PGNTs), in order to improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of this tumor. The clinical and imaging manifestations of 36 cases of PGNT confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 17 males and 19 females, averaging 22.47 (± 11.23) years. Initial symptoms included epilepsy in ten, headache in seven, and others in 19 cases. 97.2% (35/36) of the lesions were located in the supratentorial area, and 80.5% (29/36) in the intraventricular or deep white matter adjacent to the lateral ventricles. Twenty-four of the lesions (66.7%) were mixed cystic and solid, four (11.1%) were cystic with mural nodules, four (11.1%) were cystic, and four (11.1%) were solid. Four cases of PGNT of cystic imaging showed a “T2-FLAIR mismatch” sign. 69.4% (25/36) had septations. Nine lesions (25%) were accompanied by edema, and 9 (25%) of the mixed cystic and solid lesions were accompanied by hemorrhage. Among the 18 patients who underwent computed tomography (CT) or susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), nine had lesions with calcification. PGNTs mostly manifest as cystic mass with mural nodules or mixed cystic and solid mass in the white matter around the supratentorial ventricle, and the cystic part of the lesion is mostly accompanied by septations. Pure cystic lesions may exhibit the sign of “T2-FLAIR mismatch”. PGNT is rarely accompanied by edema but sometimes by calcification and hemorrhage. Patients often present with seizures, headaches, and mass effect symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PGNT may present with hemosiderin, calcification, septation, and superficial siderosis; the mass effect is mild, and mild perilesional edema is rare [ 6 ]. Only nine of the 36 lesions in our cohort were accompanied by edema.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging manifestations of papillary glioneuronal tumors

Du,

He,

et al. 2024

Neurosurg Rev

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“…Histologically, gangliogliomas are composed of a combination of dysplastic ganglion cells and neoplastic glial cells and are usually considered WHO grade 1. 55 56 The glial component invariably determines the grade of the tumor, with a minority of cases demonstrating a higher grade due to greater glial dedifferentiation on histology. 5 On imaging, gangliogliomas are superficial in location, often appearing as a well-defined lesion expanding the cerebral cortex ( Fig.…”

Section: Cns Tumor Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On MRI, focal cortical dysplasia may be identified adjacent to the tumor. 33,55,56 DNETs are similar slow-growing glioneuronal tumors considered WHO grade 1, usually arising within the cortical gray matter of the temporal lobe. Along with gangliogliomas, these reflect the most common tumors associated with longterm epilepsy.…”

Section: Glioneuronal and Neuronal Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Tumor Imaging: Review of Conventional and Advanced Techniques

Campion,

2023

Semin Neurol

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Approaches to central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification and evaluation have undergone multiple iterations over the past few decades, in large part due to our growing understanding of the influence of genetics on tumor behavior and our refinement of brain tumor imaging techniques. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) both play a critical role in the diagnosis and monitoring of brain tumors, although MRI has become especially important due to its superior soft tissue resolution. The purpose of this article will be to briefly review the fundamentals of conventional and advanced techniques used in brain tumor imaging. We will also highlight the applications of these imaging tools in the context of commonly encountered tumors based on the most recently updated 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumors framework.

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“…This "cystic mass with enhancing mural nodule" appearance overlaps with pilocytic astrocytoma and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma mentioned in the Part 2 review, but can sometimes be differentiated by its predominant location (cerebellum in pilocytic astrocytoma), presence of calcification (most frequent in ganglioglioma; up to 30%-50%) and presence of dural tail (present in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma). 39 Peritumoral edema is generally absent. The solid mass shows varying degrees of enhancement.…”

Section: Specific Molecular and Imaging Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2021 WHO Classification for Gliomas and Implications on Imaging Diagnosis: Part 3—Summary of Imaging Findings on Glioneuronal and Neuronal Tumors

Park,

Vollmuth,

Foltyn‐Dumitru

et al. 2023

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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The fifth edition of the World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors published in 2021 reflects the current transitional state between traditional classification system based on histopathology and the state‐of‐the‐art molecular diagnostics. This Part 3 Review focuses on the molecular diagnostics and imaging findings of glioneuronal and neuronal tumors. Histological and molecular features in glioneuronal and neuronal tumors often overlap with pediatric‐type diffuse low‐grade gliomas and circumscribed astrocytic gliomas (discussed in the Part 2 Review). Due to this overlap, in several tumor types of glioneuronal and neuronal tumors the diagnosis may be inconclusive with histopathology and genetic alterations, and imaging features may be helpful to distinguish difficult cases. Thus, it is crucial for radiologists to understand the underlying molecular diagnostics as well as imaging findings for application on clinical practice.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 3

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Uncommon Glioneuronal Tumors: A Radiologic and Pathologic Synopsis

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Imaging manifestations of papillary glioneuronal tumors

Imaging manifestations of papillary glioneuronal tumors

Brain Tumor Imaging: Review of Conventional and Advanced Techniques

The 2021 WHO Classification for Gliomas and Implications on Imaging Diagnosis: Part 3—Summary of Imaging Findings on Glioneuronal and Neuronal Tumors

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