Uncle-Block Attack: Blockchain Mining Threat Beyond Block Withholding for Rational and Uncooperative Miners

Chang, Sang‐Yoon; Park, Younghee; Wuthier, Simeon; Chen, Chang-Wu

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21568-2_12

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The permissionless requirement, enabling anonymity and censorless transactions for cryptocurrency applications, allows and even encourages constructing new accounts for different transactions [12]. Using an identifier-based attack (e.g., Sybil and spoofing), however, an attacker can manipulate the victim node's peer selections [6], [14] and control the timing of the block deliveries for selfish mining [3], [14] and block withholding [2], [8]. Such threats highlight the unreliability of using the identifiers for connectivity estimation and motivates us to use the networking traffic information to build a reliable connectivity estimation.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main contributions are trifold: (1) We present our data collection scheme with the definition of traffic variables and the introduction of our prototype system collecting blockchain traffic ( §II); (2) We also present our connection estimation scheme to infer peer connectivity by analyzing collected traffic data using an ML methodology ( §III); (3) We show the feasibility of our ML-based approach to connectivity estimation with respect to the prediction accuracy and time complexity through our experiments ( §IV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Machine Learning Approach to Peer Connectivity Estimation for Reliable Blockchain Networking

Kim

Nakashima

Fan

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE 46th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)

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Peer connectivity plays a significant role in a blockchain network since any poor connectivity may result in the nodes operating on outdated data (e.g., cryptocurrency transactions). Although connectivity information is maintained by individual nodes, such identifier-based information might be unreliable due to the possibility of bogus identifiers. This paper tackles the problem of peer connectivity estimation through datadriven analytics of blockchain traffic for reliable blockchain networking. We define a set of variables to represent traffic characteristics and estimate peer connectivity from the collected data using a machine learning methodology. We also investigate the feasibility of feature prioritization to minimize estimation complexities. Our experimental results show that the presented estimation mechanism makes accurate predictions, with less than 0.1 difference between the measurement and estimation for over 99.7% of predictions. The time complexity measured on a commodity machine shows a microsecond scale for completing a single prediction task, enabling real-time operations.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Machine Learning Approach to Peer Connectivity Estimation for Reliable Blockchain Networking

Kim

Nakashima

Fan

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE 46th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These types of blocks are not accepted into the blockchain network. In the case of bitcoin, these types of blocks are called orphan block [31] and in the case of ethereum, we call it uncle block [32]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: A Concusses In the Blockchainmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Blockchain-based Crowdsourced Task Assessment Framework using Smart Contract

Islam¹,

Tasmia²,

Rahman³

et al. 2021

IJACSA

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In today's world, crowdsourcing is a highly rising paradigm where mass people are engaged in solving a problem. Though this system has a lot of advantages, yet people are not interested in working on this platform. Thus, we survey people to find out the constraints of this platform and the main reason behind their unwillingness. 59% of people think that security and privacy is the major challenge of a crowdsourcing platform. Therefore, we propose a blockchain-based crowdsourced system which can provide security and privacy to the user's information. We also have used a smart contract to verify the task so that the users get the exact output that they have wanted. We implemented our system and compared the performance with the existing systems. Our proposed approach outperforms the current methods in terms of cost and properties.

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“…Considering the revenue of the mining pool and miner selection, A. T. Haghighat et al [27] analyze the mining pool profitability with mining pool attractiveness and miner migration rate. Considering the uncle reward, S. Y. Chang et al [28] propose computing power allocation strategy of mining pools to improve the revenues of mining pools. But the works [11,15,[25][26][27][28] do not consider the cost of mining and the dynamic attack among multiple mining pools.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Computing Power Allocation Algorithm for Blockchain System in Multiple Mining Pools Under Withholding Attack

Chen

Han

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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To overcome the fast-changing block withholding attacks among multiple mining pools composed of miners in the blockchain system, this paper proposes a mining pool computing power allocation (MPPA) algorithm, which significantly improves the revenues of mining pools with block withholding attacks. MPPA first establishes the revenue optimization model of mining pools, which includes current adequate total computing power, the revenues of honest mining, and the revenues of block withholding attacks. Then MPPA calculates the revenue gain generated by block withholding attacks on other mining pools. To adjust the fixed computing power in each iteration, we have the mining pool computing power allocation algorithm with a fixed change of computing power (MPPA_F). To adjust the optimal recovery and attack computing power, we have the mining pool computing power allocation algorithm with an optimal change of computing power (MPPA_O). The simulation results demonstrate that MPPA_F and MPPA_O can find the optimized solutions of power computing allocation for each mining pool and outperform the state-of-arts such as WSFS, ALLC, and ALLD. INDEX TERMS Computing power allocation, block withholding attacks, multiple mining pools, revenue optimization model.

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Uncle-Block Attack: Blockchain Mining Threat Beyond Block Withholding for Rational and Uncooperative Miners

Cited by 36 publications

References 13 publications

A Machine Learning Approach to Peer Connectivity Estimation for Reliable Blockchain Networking

A Machine Learning Approach to Peer Connectivity Estimation for Reliable Blockchain Networking

A Blockchain-based Crowdsourced Task Assessment Framework using Smart Contract

A Novel Computing Power Allocation Algorithm for Blockchain System in Multiple Mining Pools Under Withholding Attack

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