Unclassed Animated Choropleth Maps

Harrower, Mark

doi:10.1179/000870407x241863

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…However, in the case of classed choropleth animated maps, it is advisable to limit the number of classes even more [30]. However, in the case of unclassed choropleth maps, a proper design of the animation (e.g., smooth transitions) might make it possible to avoid the loss of spatial information and prevent the user from getting the "jumpy animation" impression while maintaining the higher number of classes [66]. It should also be noted that the interpretational difficulties connected with animated maps might also stem from the great number of temporal states.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartographic Redundancy in Reducing Change Blindness in Detecting Extreme Values in Spatio-Temporal Maps

Cybulski

Medyńska-Gulij

2018

IJGI

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Abstract:The article investigates the possibility of using cartographic redundancy to reduce the change blindness effect on spatio-temporal maps. Unlike in the case of previous research, the authors take a look at various methods of cartographic presentation and modify the visual variables in order to see how those modifications affect the user's perception of changes on spatio-temporal maps. The study described in the following article was the first attempt at minimizing the change blindness phenomenon by manipulating graphical parameters of cartographic visualization and using various quantitative mapping methods. Research shows that cartographic redundancy is not enough to completely resolve the problem of change blindness; however, it might help reduce it.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartographic Redundancy in Reducing Change Blindness in Detecting Extreme Values in Spatio-Temporal Maps

Cybulski

Medyńska-Gulij

2018

IJGI

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“…Contiguous map areas representing each class have well‐defined contour edges that allow viewers to accurately match the symbolized risk level at a given map location to the classes defined in the legend. A caveat of classed maps is that classed ranges of data are less precise than actual data values …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viewers can only approximate how the symbolized risk level at a given map location matches risk levels in the legend. However, unclassed maps are a more accurate presentation of the data . In a summary of unclassed maps and cognition, Harrower noted that many‐shaded unclassed maps increase the difficulty of matching map colors to the color scale in the legend, decrease the accuracy of reading a map, and increase map reading time .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Uncertain Map Features on Risk Beliefs and Perceived Ambiguity for Maps of Modeled Cancer Risk from Air Pollution

Severtson

Myers

2012

Risk Analysis

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Maps are often used to convey information generated by models, for example, modeled cancer risk from air pollution. The concrete nature of images, such as maps, may convey more certainty than warranted for modeled information. Three map features were selected to communicate the uncertainty of modeled cancer risk: (a) map contours appeared in or out of focus, (b) one or three colors were used, and (c) a verbal-relative or numeric risk expression was used in the legend. Study aims were to assess how these features influenced risk beliefs and the ambiguity of risk beliefs at four assigned map locations that varied by risk level. We applied an integrated conceptual framework to conduct this full factorial experiment with 32 maps that varied by the three dichotomous features and four risk levels; 826 university students participated. Data was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Unfocused contours and the verbal-relative risk expression generated more ambiguity than their counterparts. Focused contours generated stronger risk beliefs for higher risk levels and weaker beliefs for lower risk levels. Number of colors had minimal influence. The magnitude of risk level, conveyed using incrementally darker shading, had a substantial dose-response influence on the strength of risk beliefs. Personal characteristics of prior beliefs and numeracy also had substantial influences. Bottom-up and top-down information processing suggest why iconic visual features of incremental shading and contour focus had the strongest visual influences on risk beliefs and ambiguity. Variations in contour focus and risk expression show promise for fostering appropriate levels of ambiguity.

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“…This elevates the reader's bias to believe changes have occurred. The Abrupt Condition seems to induce Harrower's (2007b) idea of animated simultaneous contrast, the phenomenon in which readers falsely perceive changes in persisting elements due to noisy change behavior of surrounding elements.…”

Section: Does Transitional Design Matter?mentioning

confidence: 95%

Change Blindness in Animated Choropleth Maps: An Empirical Study

Fish¹,

Goldsberry²,

Battersby³

2011

Cartography and Geographic Information Science

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Animated choropleth maps enable cartographers to visualize time-series data in a way that congruently depicts change over time. However, users have difficulty apprehending information encoded within these displays, and often fail to detect important changes between adjacent scenes. Failures of visual experience, such as change blindness, threaten the effectiveness of dynamic geovisual displays, in which several important changes can occur simultaneously throughout the display. Animated choropleth maps require viewers not only to notice changes but also understand symbolic meanings encoded in rapid transitions between scenes. Graphic interpolation between key frames, also known as "in-betweening" or "tweening", smoothes transitions and lengthens the duration of the transition between scenes in a dynamic sequence. Previous cartographic literature suggests tweening could be a potential solution for change blindness in the cartographic context. This article examines this issue of change blindness in the cartographic context and reports on a human subjects investigation designed to evaluate the influence of cartographic design variables on map readers' change detection abilities. Our results indicate that 1) map readers have difficulty detecting changes in animated choropleth maps, 2) map readers overestimate their own change detection abilities, and 3) tweening influences the legibility of change in animated choropleth maps.

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Unclassed Animated Choropleth Maps

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Cartographic Redundancy in Reducing Change Blindness in Detecting Extreme Values in Spatio-Temporal Maps

Cartographic Redundancy in Reducing Change Blindness in Detecting Extreme Values in Spatio-Temporal Maps

The Influence of Uncertain Map Features on Risk Beliefs and Perceived Ambiguity for Maps of Modeled Cancer Risk from Air Pollution

Change Blindness in Animated Choropleth Maps: An Empirical Study

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