Uncertainty principle in niche assessment: A solution to the dilemma redundancy vs. competitive exclusion, and some analytical consequences

Rodríguez, Ricardo A.; Herrera, Ada M.; Santander, Jacobo; Miranda, Jezahel V.; Fernández-Rodríguez, M. J.; Quirós, Ángel; Riera, Rodrigo; Fernández‐Palacios, José María; Otto, Rüdiger; Escudero, Carlos G.; Jiménez‐Rodríguez, Antonia; Navarro-Cerrillo, Rafael M.; Perdomo, María Elena; Delgado, Juan D.

doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.07.032

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…There is even an attempt "due to an objective limitation of nature" to introduce in ecology principle of quantum environmental uncertainty, which based on non-transparent models of quantum mechanics. According to this principle it is fundamentally impossible to prove the validity of one of two hypotheses which are clearly contradictory -they "are simultaneously true and false in the same measure, because the only feasible option to keep the functional stability of ecosystems is a wave-like combination of both options … " (Rodríguez et al 2015, Rodríguez et al 2016. Accusations of nature regarding its "objective limitation" (Rodríguez et al 2016) we consider as a consequence of limitations of opaque mathematical models used by researchers, but not of nature itself.…”

Section: The Central Issue In Theoretical Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Axiomatic-deductive theory of competition of complete competitors: coexistence, exclusion and neutrality in one model

Kalmykov

2020

Preprint

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BackgroundThe long-standing contradiction between formulations of the competitive exclusion principle and natural diversity of trophically similar species is known as the biodiversity paradox. Earlier we found that coexistence of complete competitors is possible despite 100% difference in competitiveness, but only under certain conditions – at their moderate propagation and at the particular initial location of individuals. Here we verify a hypothesis that completely competing species with aggressive propagation may coexist with less than 100% difference in competitiveness regardless of random initial location of competing individuals in ecosystem.MethodsWe investigate a role of competitiveness differences in coexistence of two completely competing species by individual-based modeling based on a transparent artificial intelligence. We propose and investigate an individual-based model of ecosystem dynamics supplemented by a probabilistic determination of the competitiveness of competing individuals without cooperative effects and with cooperative effects based on the numerical superiority of individuals of the species.ResultsWe have found that two aggressively propagating complete competitors can stably coexist, despite one species has some advantage in competitiveness over the other and all other characteristics of the species are equal. The found competitive coexistence occurred regardless of the initial random location of individuals in the ecosystem. When colonization of a free habitat started from a single individual of each species, then the complete competitors coexisted up to 31% of their difference in competitiveness. And when on initial stage half of the territory was probabilistically occupied, the complete competitors coexisted up to 22% of their difference in competitiveness. In the experiments with cooperative dependence on the numerical superiority of individuals of the species complete competitors stably co-existed despite 10% difference in basic competitiveness.DiscussionThe results additionally support our earlier reformulation of the competitive exclusion principle. Besides that, we revealed classical cases of competitive exclusion and “neutrality”. Our approach unifies models of competitive exclusion (“niche”), neutrality and coexistence of complete competitors in one theory. Our individual-based modeling of a complex system based on a transparent artificial intelligence opens up great prospects for a variety of theoretical and applied fields.

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Section: The Central Issue In Theoretical Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Axiomatic-deductive theory of competition of complete competitors: coexistence, exclusion and neutrality in one model

Kalmykov

2020

Preprint

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“…A high level of evenness can be linked to high functional redundancy which likely can guarantee elasticity in the community (Morelli et al 2020b) and a higher level of competitive exclusion (i.e. thus lowering the probability of invasion; Rodríguez2015 et al 2015). Moreover, resilience can be a useful measure to assess resource use in a given space (Mouchet et al 2010), with high functional evenness representing efficient use of resources by species in the community (Prescott et al 2016, Lee and Martin 2017), and low functional evenness implying under‐exploitation of available resources, leading to higher susceptibility of communities to disturbance (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the links between bird diversity, alien species and disturbance within a human‐modified landscape

Marcolin,

Segurado,

Chamberlain

et al. 2023

Ecography

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Introduced alien species are associated with lower taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of native communities and negative impacts on ecosystem functioning. This is particularly evident in habitats where human disturbance may favour alien species, posing an additional stressor on native communities. Following the community resistance hypothesis (higher diversity promotes higher resistance to invasion), we predicted: 1) higher taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity (TD, FD and PD respectively) in non‐invaded bird communities (i.e. no alien bird species); and 2) higher diversity and resistance to invasion in less human‐disturbed areas. We surveyed bird communities in a modified Mediterranean landscape subject to varying levels of human disturbance. We tested whether TD, FD and PD were significantly different between non‐invaded and invaded bird communities, and assessed the effect of land classes (forest, agriculture, urban), landscape composition and heterogeneity on these metrics. We found that non‐invaded communities retained higher TD and FD, but not PD, than invaded communities. Alien birds occupied marginal niches in invaded communities, and did not fully compensate for the taxonomic and functional diversity loss caused by the absence of native species. These results were consistent across different land classes, suggesting weak environmental filtering of communities. Generally, less human‐modified and more heterogeneous areas supported higher TD regardless of the presence of alien species. FD and PD of invaded communities decreased with increases in human‐modified areas, whereas non‐invaded communities were not affected. Our results suggest that even within a human‐modified landscape, invaded community diversity is more affected by, and thus has a lower resilience to, disturbance. Restoring and protecting natural habitats within human‐modified landscapes is likely to increase the resilience of native species.

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“…Principles of quantum mechanics of microcosm are so authoritative today, that they try to extend them to objects of macrocosm, in particular, to ecology. As a consequence, a number of researchers refuse to search for ecological laws, because in their opinion in “an ecological black box opposite ecological concepts according to the principle of ecological uncertainty” borrowed from Heisenberg, “are simultaneously true and false in one and the same measure” and “wave-like combine with each other” [19, 20]. Black box models can reproduce exact phenomenology, but not mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manifesto of Transparent Mathematical Modeling: From Ecology to General Science

Kalmykov,

Kalmykov

2023

Preprint

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Mathematical black box models, which hide the structure and behavior of the subsystems, currently dominate science. Errors and paradoxes, such as the biodiversity paradox and the limiting similarity hypothesis, often arise from subjective interpretations of these hidden mechanisms. To address these problems, we have developed transparent mathematical models of the white box type. Here we justify the hypothesis that transparent mathematical models of the white box type can be built by means of logical deterministic cellular automata whose rules are based on the general theory of the corresponding domain. Using white box models, we were able to directly identify the mechanisms of interspecific competition, test the principle of competitive exclusion and the hypothesis of limiting similarity, resolve the paradox of biodiversity, and formulate for the first time the general principle of competitive coexistence. As a basis for reproducing and further developing the method, we present two transparent mathematical models of an ecosystem with one and two competing species. C++ code for our models provided. Cellular automata thinking can be traced back from ancient cellular board games in the histories of all civilizations. The transparent mathematical modeling opens a rational approach to ensuring the safety, reliability, and trustworthiness of automatic decisions. A shift to transparency in the mathematical modeling paradigm has the potential to revolutionize scientific research and to advance knowledge and technology in a wide variety of domains.

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Uncertainty principle in niche assessment: A solution to the dilemma redundancy vs. competitive exclusion, and some analytical consequences

Cited by 20 publications

References 115 publications

Axiomatic-deductive theory of competition of complete competitors: coexistence, exclusion and neutrality in one model

Axiomatic-deductive theory of competition of complete competitors: coexistence, exclusion and neutrality in one model

Testing the links between bird diversity, alien species and disturbance within a human‐modified landscape

Manifesto of Transparent Mathematical Modeling: From Ecology to General Science

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