Uncertainty in mortality response to airborne fine particulate matter: Combining European air pollution experts

Tuomisto, Jouni T.; Wilson, Andrew; Evans, John S.; Tainio, Marko

doi:10.1016/j.ress.2007.03.002

Cited by 62 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These preliminary findings reinforce existing concerns about the toxicity of carbonaceous aerosols [2][3][4]7,8,11]. We support literature findings indicating that the toxicological risk of carbonaceous aerosol might depend on both particle size and composition (e.g., BC levels).…”

Section: Toxicological Implicationssupporting

confidence: 89%

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First Results of the “Carbonaceous Aerosol in Rome and Environs (CARE)” Experiment: Beyond Current Standards for PM10

et al. 2017

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In February 2017 the "Carbonaceous Aerosol in Rome and Environs (CARE)" experiment was carried out in downtown Rome to address the following specific questions: what is the color, size, composition, and toxicity of the carbonaceous aerosol in the Mediterranean urban background area of Rome? The motivation of this experiment is the lack of understanding of what aerosol types are responsible for the severe risks to human health posed by particulate matter (PM) pollution, and how carbonaceous aerosols influence radiative balance. Physicochemical properties of the carbonaceous aerosol were characterised, and relevant toxicological variables assessed. The aerosol characterisation includes: (i) measurements with high time resolution (min to 1-2 h) at a fixed location of black carbon (eBC), elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), particle number size distribution (0.008-10 µm), major non refractory PM 1 components, elemental composition, wavelength-dependent optical properties, and atmospheric turbulence; (ii) 24-h measurements of PM 10 and PM 2.5 mass concentration, water soluble OC and brown carbon (BrC), and levoglucosan; (iii) mobile measurements of eBC and size distribution around the study area, with computational fluid dynamics modeling; (iv) characterisation of road dust emissions and their EC and OC content. The toxicological assessment includes: (i) preliminary evaluation of the potential impact of ultrafine particles on lung epithelia cells (cultured at the air liquid interface and directly exposed to particles); (ii) assessment of the oxidative stress induced by carbonaceous aerosols; (iii) assessment of particle size dependent number doses deposited in different regions of the human body; (iv) PAHs biomonitoring (from the participants into the mobile measurements). The first experimental results of the CARE experiment are presented in this paper. The objective here is to provide baseline levels of carbonaceous aerosols for Rome, and to address future research directions. First, we found that BC and EC mass concentration in Rome are larger than those measured in similar urban areas across Europe (the urban background mass concentration of eBC in Rome in winter being on average 2.6 ± 2.5 µg · m −3 , mean eBC at the peak level hour being 5.2 (95% CI = 5.0-5.5) µg · m −3 ). Then, we discussed significant variations of carbonaceous aerosol properties occurring with time scales of minutes, and questioned on the data averaging period used in current air quality standard for PM 10 (24-h). Third, we showed that the oxidative potential induced by aerosol depends on particle size and composition, the effects of toxicity being higher with lower mass concentrations and smaller particle size. Albeit this is a preliminary analysis, findings reinforce the need for an urgent update of existing air quality standards for PM 10 and PM 2.5 with regard to particle composition and size distribution, and data averaging period. Our results reinforce existing concerns about the toxicity of carbonaceous aerosols, suppo...

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Section: Toxicological Implicationssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The carbonaceous aerosol has been suspected to be more toxic than other PM 10 constituents [2,4,7,11]. In their modeling exercise to assess the contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale, Lelieveld et al [2] considered the carbonaceous PM 2.5 as five times more toxic than inorganic particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Results of the “Carbonaceous Aerosol in Rome and Environs (CARE)” Experiment: Beyond Current Standards for PM10

et al. 2017

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“…For the value of ER, we used the estimates from the European expert judgment study (Cooke et al 2007;Tuomisto et al 2008). In that study, six European air pollution experts estimated the exposure-response function for the PM 2.5 air pollution.…”

Section: Population Data and Exposure Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Future climate and adverse health effects 709 each response, while in PDM the weights were based on socalled calibration questions that aimed to measure the performance of the experts. The estimated mean percentage change in mortality due to 1 lg/m 3 exposure change in PM 2.5 in Europe was 0.62 and 0.95 % for EDM and PDM, respectively (Tuomisto et al 2008). In this study, the EDM estimate was used.…”

Section: Population Data and Exposure Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future climate and adverse health effects caused by fine particulate matter air pollution: case study for Poland

et al. 2012

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Ground level air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), has been associated with a number of adverse health effects. The dispersion of PM 2.5 through the atmosphere depends on several mutually connected anthropogenic, geophysical and meteorological parameters, all of which are affected by climate change. This study examines how projected climate change would affect population exposure to PM 2.5 air pollution in Poland. Population exposure to PM 2.5 in Poland was estimated for three decades: the 1990s, 2040s and 2090s. Future climate conditions were projected by Regional Climate Model RegCM (Beta), forced by the general atmospheric circulation model ECHAM5. The dispersion of PM 2.5 was simulated with chemical transport model CAMx version 4.40. Population exposure estimates of PM 2.5 were 18.3, 17.2 and 17.1 lg/m 3 for the 1990s, 2040s and 2090s, respectively. PM 2.5 air pollution was estimated to cause approximately 39,800 premature deaths in the population of Poland in the year 2000. Our results indicate that in Poland, climate change may reduce the levels of exposure to anthropogenic particulate air pollution in future decades and that this reduction will reduce adverse health effects caused by the air pollution.

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“…Chemical components are considered to be important in determining health impacts of particle inhalation exposure (Crouse et al 2016;Huang et al 2012;Tuomisto et al 2008) and also vital inputs in source apportionment of ambient particles (Peng et al 2017;Viana et al 2008;Zhang et al 2013). Some past studies had investigated chemical compositions of ambient particles (Niu et al 2016;Shen et al 2014a, b;Song et al 2017 and references therein), most of which are based on off-line filter analysis and from ground stations in mega/large cities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Particles (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0) and PM2.5 Chemical Components in Western Yangtze River Delta (YRD): An Overview of Data from 1-year Online Continuous Monitoring at Nanjing

Zhao

Shen

et al. 2017

Aerosol Sci Eng

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Understanding particle chemical composition is important in source apportionment and health impact assessment. Since 2012, a Complex Air Pollution Research Station located on the top roof of a 22-floor building (*80 m) in Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science was established as a platform to characterize components and temporal variations of hazy and air transport in the region, so as to provide scientific supports on Joint Prevention and Control of Regional Air Pollution control in the Yangtze River Delta. Here, based on 1-year online measurement, we present a preliminary result on occurrence of ambient particles and chemical components, and reconstructed light extinction coefficients based on measured species. In 2015, the annual average concentration of PM 2.5 was 68 ± 40 lg/m 3 , comprising up to nearly 75% of the total PM 10 . The submicron PM 1.0 had an annual average concentration of 48 ± 28 lg/m 3 and contributed about 70% of the total PM 2.5 mass. Secondary inorganic composition including sulfate, nitrate and ammonium (SNA) was the major fraction of PM 2.5 , accounting for *70% on an annual average. The estimated light extinction of ambient particle averaged at 422 ± 256 Mm -1 , of which 412 ± 257 Mm -1 was induced by fine PM 2.5 . SNA contributed largely to the light extinction induced by fine PM 2.5 (about 72%), followed by organic matter (18%).During the high-pollution episodes, the mass fraction of SNA increased notably, calling for necessary controls on key gaseous precursors.

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Uncertainty in mortality response to airborne fine particulate matter: Combining European air pollution experts

Cited by 62 publications

References 5 publications

First Results of the “Carbonaceous Aerosol in Rome and Environs (CARE)” Experiment: Beyond Current Standards for PM10

First Results of the “Carbonaceous Aerosol in Rome and Environs (CARE)” Experiment: Beyond Current Standards for PM10

Future climate and adverse health effects caused by fine particulate matter air pollution: case study for Poland

Ambient Particles (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0) and PM2.5 Chemical Components in Western Yangtze River Delta (YRD): An Overview of Data from 1-year Online Continuous Monitoring at Nanjing

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