Uncertainty Estimation for Performance Evaluation of a Confocal Microscope as Metrology Equipment

Guarneros, O.; Vicente, José Miguel Gómez de; Maya, Mauro; Ocaña, J.L.; Molpeceres, C.; García–Ballesteros, J.J.; Rodríguez, Silvia; Duran, H. M.

doi:10.1007/s12647-013-0060-2

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The critical importance of addressing uncertainty in scientific measurements have been discussed at length by various researchers [31][32][33]. Uncertainties in validation of this model might originate from: (1) Rooms were made airtight by tightly closing doors and windows and blocking visible gaps under doors and windows etc., but engineered leak-proofing techniques was not followed, (2) operation of ceiling/pedestal fans may not guarantee perfect homogeneous mixing of indoor CO 2 , (3) CO 2 detectors have certain accuracy levels and hence have inherent uncertainty in measurements.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Accumulation of Respiratory-CO2 in Closed Rooms Leading to Decision-Making on Room Occupancy

Majumdar

Chatterjee

2020

MAPAN

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A model predicting time required to attain undesired levels of respiratory-CO 2 in closed rooms is described. The model works under the following assumptions: (1) room air is well-mixed, (2) indoor CO 2 does not exchange with outdoor CO 2 , (3) there is no effect of individual occupants on CO 2 exhalation rate of other occupants, (4) there is no indoor CO 2 sink and all exhaled CO 2 end up increasing CO 2 concentration in the room, (5) apart from respiration, there is no other source of indoor CO 2 , (6) breathing rates of occupants are constant throughout the period of occupation of room. The model makes use of anthropocentric parameters like body weight, height, du bois surface area, MET levels, etc., to calculate dedicated individual CO 2 exhalation rate and uses room volume and number of occupants to predict time required to reach user-earmarked levels of CO 2 . A model run showed that in a closed room of 12 9 12 9 10 m 3 , respiration by one person at rest (65 kg body weight, 1.7 m height, basal respiratory quotient of 0.83) would take 4.37 h to reach 2000 ppmV indoor CO 2 when background indoor CO 2 level was 380 ppmV. This model would help allocating desired number of occupants in closed rooms to help avoid building up of undesirable levels of CO 2 in poorly ventilated offices, schools, hospitals or households that might frequently experience high levels of indoor CO 2 , undermining health and performance of occupants, patients and workers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Accumulation of Respiratory-CO2 in Closed Rooms Leading to Decision-Making on Room Occupancy

Majumdar

Chatterjee

2020

MAPAN

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“…There are different metrological models for this calibration [35,57]. This study used the following mathematical model to correct for the roughness parameters:Sparameterc=C⋅(Sparameterm+δSparameternoise+δSparameterlight+δSparametertilt) where Sparameterc represents the corrected roughness parameter, C is the Z-axis calibration coefficient, Sparameterm is the measured roughness parameter taking into account the measurement repeatability, δSparameternoise takes the noise in the measurements into account (from the instrument and environment) and δSparameternoise and δSparametertilt take the measurement reproducibility into account after changing the measurement conditions (different sample illumination and tilt, respectively).…”

Section: Roughness Parameters Calculation Model: Assurance Of Tracmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of this type of standard allows comparison of the measured value with the certified value of a step-height standard, which gives an indication of how well the instrument can make measurements of the difference in height of nominally flat areas. The use of step standards is common in many scientific works [33,34,35]. In particular, the work developed by Seppä et al [36] employs a step standard to determine the scale factor associated with the Z-axis, as well as the linearity thereof, so that a behavior equation of the scale factor calculated through a polynomial of 3 degrees is determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Procedure for Calibrating the Z-axis of a Confocal Microscope: Application for the Evaluation of Structured Surfaces

Wang

Caja

Gómez

et al. 2019

Sensors

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This work describes a method for the metrological characterization of structured surfaces using a confocal microscope. The proposed method is based on the calculation of texture parameters established in ISO 25178-2:2012. To ensure the traceability of these parameters, a procedure for the calibration of the Z-axis of the confocal microscope is proposed. The calculation of uncertainty associated with each parameter employs the Monte Carlo method, as well as the concept of a virtual instrument. The validity of the algorithms has been verified through the use of synthetic data provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and physical standards, with minimum differences being obtained between the certified values and calculated or measured values. Finally, using the proposed method, the topography of a structured surface manufactured by laser machining is evaluated, obtaining the most used roughness parameters, as well as their measurement uncertainties and possible correlations. In general, it can be affirmed that it is possible to obtain metrologically reliable results with the proposed method.

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“…In the literature, it is possible to find several procedures for this calibration. Following the studies of de Vicente et al [30] and Guarneros et al [31], it is possible to calibrate X and Y scales and estimate their perpendicularity error by making measurements of a stage micrometer in four positions ( Figure 5). For this calibration, the authors recommend using the RMS flatness deviation, because it is more statistically stable than the total flatness deviation.…”

Section: Xy Plane Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Calibration Procedure for Confocal Microscopes

Martínez

Oliva

2019

Materials

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Coordinate metrology techniques are widely used in industry to carry out dimensional measurements. For applications involving measurements in the submillimeter range, the use of optical, non-contact instruments with suitable traceability is usually advisable. One of the most used instruments to perform measurements of this type is the confocal microscope. In this paper, the authors present a complete calibration procedure for confocal microscopes designed to be implemented preferably in workshops or industrial environments rather than in research and development departments. Therefore, it has been designed to be as simple as possible. The procedure was designed without forgetting any of the key aspects that need to be taken into account and is based on classical reference material standards. These standards can be easily found in industrial dimensional laboratories and easily calibrated in accredited calibration laboratories. The procedure described in this paper can be easily adapted to calibrate other optical instruments (e.g., focus variation microscopes) that perform 3D dimensional measurements in the submillimeter range.

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Uncertainty Estimation for Performance Evaluation of a Confocal Microscope as Metrology Equipment

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Modelling Accumulation of Respiratory-CO2 in Closed Rooms Leading to Decision-Making on Room Occupancy

Modelling Accumulation of Respiratory-CO2 in Closed Rooms Leading to Decision-Making on Room Occupancy

Procedure for Calibrating the Z-axis of a Confocal Microscope: Application for the Evaluation of Structured Surfaces

Industrial Calibration Procedure for Confocal Microscopes

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