Uncertainty assessment for the airborne nanoparticle collection efficiency of a TEM grid-equipped sampling system by Monte-Carlo calculation

Xiang, Maiqi; Aguerre-Chariol, Olivier; Morgeneyer, Martin; Philippe, Florian; Liu, Yan; Bressot, Christophe

doi:10.1016/j.apt.2021.03.033

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…However, not all of them are used during the measurement of particles which have formed during the wear of tires. Some of this methods were shown in the research of Xiang et al 71,72 The application of the CPC (Condensation Particle Counter) and the atomizer is limited to the [57][58][59][60][61] detection of particles whose size is 5 nm, while more reliable measurement of smaller particles can be conducted by filters. In each case, the most influential parameter on the sampling accuracy was the flow rate, so all of this should be taken in the consideration during the future researches.…”

Section: Methods For Measuring the Wear Of Tiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particles formation due to the wear of tires and measures for the wear reduction: A review

Stojanović

Abdullah

Grujić

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Tires are a very important part of a vehicle, necessary for the vehicle driving. During the vehicle exploitation, due to the friction which appears in the contact between the tire and the road, it comes to the formation of so called non-exhaust particles. The particles formed during the vehicle exploitation can be composed of heavy metals and they are harmful for people’s health and for the environment. Several factors influence the size of the wear of tires. The investigations about the tires behavior as well as the size of the wear can be conducted on the road, in the laboratory, as well as by application of modern software. The paper shows the applied methodologies applied by other researchers during the investigation of tires particles formation, the applied materials for the tires manufacturing, influential parameters on the wear of tires, as well as methods for the wear of tires reduction. After analyzing other researches in the subject field, the authors have come to the conclusions related to the factors which can reduce the wear of tires and these factors should be given proper attention in further studies.

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Section: Methods For Measuring the Wear Of Tiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particles formation due to the wear of tires and measures for the wear reduction: A review

Stojanović

Abdullah

Grujić

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…In addition, it is simple to implement and dimensionless, hence, the unit of data collection does not count. The Willmott index was used to support traditional model evaluation measures of R 2 , RMSE and bias [96,97]. Errors in the AGB estimation could filter in at any stage of the research process: plot design, data collection, model formulation and parameterization or analysis [18].…”

Section: Satellite Climatic and Topographic Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Above-Ground Biomass over the Cross-River State, Nigeria, Using Sentinel-2 Data

et al. 2022

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Higher-resolution wall-to-wall carbon monitoring in tropical Africa across a range of woodland types is necessary in reducing uncertainty in the global carbon budget and improving accounting for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation Plus (REDD+). This study uses Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery combined with climatic and edaphic variables to estimate the regional distribution of aboveground biomass (AGB) for the year 2020 over the Cross River State, a tropical forest region in Nigeria, using random forest (RF) machine learning. Forest inventory plots were collected over the whole state for training and testing of the RF algorithm, and spread over undisturbed and disturbed tropical forests, and woodlands in croplands and plantations. The maximum AGB plot was estimated to be 588 t/ha with an average of 121.98 t/ha across the entire Cross River State. AGB estimated using random forest yielded an R2 of 0.88, RMSE of 40.9 t/ha, a relRMSE of 30%, bias of +7.5 t/ha and a total woody regional AGB of 0.246 Pg for the Cross River State. These results compare favorably to previous tropical AGB products; with total AGB of 0.290, 0.253, 0.330 and 0.124 Pg, relRMSE of 49.69, 57.09, 24.06 and 56.24% and −41, −48, −17 and −50 t/ha bias over the Cross River State for the Saatchi, Baccini, Avitabile and ESA CCI maps, respectively. These are all compared to the current REDD+ estimate of total AGB over the Cross River State of 0.268 Pg. This study shows that obtaining independent reference plot datasets, from a variety of woodland cover types, can reduce uncertainties in local to regional AGB estimation compared with those products which have limited tropical African and Nigerian woodland reference plots. Though REDD+ biomass in the region is relatively larger than the estimates of this study, REDD+ provided only regional biomass rather than pixel-based biomass and used estimated tree height rather than the actual tree height measurement in the field. These may cast doubt on the accuracy of the estimated biomass by REDD+. These give the biomass map of this current study a comparative advantage over others. The 20 m wall-to-wall biomass map of this study could be used as a baseline for REDD+ monitoring, evaluation, and reporting for equitable distribution of payment for carbon protection benefits and its management.

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“…Every year, significant amounts of titanium dioxide are used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products, both as pigments and as sunscreen filters 1 . In recent years, along with the development of nanotechnology in the world and due to the unique characteristics of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and other nanoparticles, the use of the material in rubber 2 , photoelectrocatalyst 3 , airborne nanoparticle 4 , 5 , oil–water separation 6 , 7 , liposome productions 8 , enhanced oil recovery 9 , pharmaceutical, cosmetic and health industries, especially in sunscreens has increased significantly 10 – 12 . Figure 1 shows the main applications of TiO 2 and their usage percentage in different industries 13 , 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the amount of protection against UV irradiation

Ghamarpoor

Fallah

Jamshidi

2023

Sci Rep

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In this study, three samples of commercial titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) in different sizes were used to investigate their effect on the formulation of sunscreen creams. The aim was to evaluate their role in the performance of sunscreens (i.e. SPF, UVAPF, and critical wavelength). Then the particle size of these samples was determined by photon correlation spectroscopy methods. As a result, the size of primary particles was reduced by using milling and homogenization methods at different times. The results showed that the particle size of samples TA, TB, and TC in the ultrasonic homogenizer decreased from 966.4, 2745.8, and 2471.6 nm to 142.6, 254.8, and 262.8 nm, respectively. These particles were used in the pristine formulation. Then the functional characteristics of each formulation were determined by standard methods. TA had the best dispersion in cream compared to other samples due to its smaller size (i.e. 142.6 nm). For each formulation, two important parameters, including pH and TiO2 dosage, were investigated in different states. The results showed that the formulations prepared with TA had the lowest viscosity compared to formulations containing TB and TC. SPSS 17 statistical software analysis of variance showed that the performance of SPF, UVAPF and λc in formulations containing TA had the highest levels. Also, the sample containing TAU with the lowest particle size values had the highest protection against UV rays (SPF). According to the photocatalytic functionality of TiO2, the photodegradation of methylene blue in the presence of each nanoparticle of TiO2 was studied. The results showed that smaller nanoparticles (i.e. TA) had more photocatalytic activity under UV–Vis irradiation during 4 h (TA (22%) > TB (16%) > TC (15%)). The results showed that titanium dioxide can be used as a suitable filter against all types of UVA and UVB rays.

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Uncertainty assessment for the airborne nanoparticle collection efficiency of a TEM grid-equipped sampling system by Monte-Carlo calculation

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

Particles formation due to the wear of tires and measures for the wear reduction: A review

Particles formation due to the wear of tires and measures for the wear reduction: A review

Quantification of Above-Ground Biomass over the Cross-River State, Nigeria, Using Sentinel-2 Data

Investigating the use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the amount of protection against UV irradiation

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