Uncertainty and Posttraumatic Stress: Differences Between Mothers and Fathers of Infants with Disorders of Sex Development

Delozier, Alexandria M.; Gamwell, Kaitlyn L.; Sharkey, Christina; Bakula, Dana M.; Perez, Megan N.; Wolfe‐Christensen, Cortney; Austin, Paul F.; Baskin, Laurence S.; Bernabé, Kerlly J.; Chan, Yee Ming; Cheng, Earl Y.; Diamond, David A.; Ellens, Rebecca E.H.; Fried, Allyson; Galan, Denise; Greenfield, Saul P.; Kolon, Thomas F.; Kropp, Bradley P.; Lakshmanan, Yegappan; Meyer, Sabrina; Meyer, Theresa; Nokoff, Natalie; Reyes, Kristy J. Scott; Palmer, Blake; Poppas, Dix P.; Paradis, Alethea; Tishelman, Amy C.; Yerkes, Elizabeth B.; Chaney, John M.; Wisniewski, Amy B.; Mullins, Larry L.

doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1357-6

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our results found greater parent-focused stigma, anxious symptoms, and depressive symptoms among mothers compared with fathers, which may be due, in part, to fathers' underreporting of symptoms, 26 and fathers are purported to disengage to cope with their child's condition. 27 This is consistent with previous literature indicating that fathers report significantly less stigma compared with mothers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Stigma, Intrusiveness, and Distress in Parents of Children with a Disorder/Difference of Sex Development

Traino

Roberts

Fisher

et al. 2022

J Dev Behav Pediatr

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: The impact of parent-reported stigma due to their child's disorder/difference of sex development (DSD) on parent psychosocial adjustment is poorly understood. In other pediatric populations, perceived interference of medical conditions into daily activities (i.e., illness intrusiveness) mediates the relationship of stigma to adjustment. This study assessed relationships between parent-focused and child-focused stigma / illness intrusiveness / depressive and anxious symptoms. Exploratory analyses sought to identify patient characteristics associated with stigma. Method: Caregivers (59 women and 43 men) of 63 children diagnosed with a DSD up to age 4 years completed measures of demographics, parent-focused and child-focused stigma, illness intrusiveness, and depressive and anxious symptoms. Results: Increased parent-focused and child-focused stigma were associated with increased illness intrusiveness, which, in turn, was associated with increased depressive and anxious symptoms for parents nested within dyads. Among children with DSD family histories, parents reported greater childfocused stigma. Conclusion: Parents who experience DSD-related stigma report greater interference of their child's DSD into their daily activities, which is associated with poorer psychosocial adjustment. Findings support developing clinical interventions related to parents' perceptions of stigma and illness intrusiveness to improve parent adjustment.(J Dev Behav Pediatr 43:e473-e482, 2022) Index terms: disorders/differences of sex development, illness stigma, illness intrusiveness, parent psychosocial adjustment.Di sorders/differences of sex development (DSDs) refer to medical conditions in which a person's genetic, gonadal, and/or phenotypic sex are discordant. 1 When atypical genital development is present, diagnoses are often made in infancy. 2 As such, caregivers/parents (henceforth parents) face complex medical decisions for their child in the first years of life. Limited research exists regarding parents' psychosocial experiences of having a child with a DSD. 3 Importantly, parents report that stigma plays a role in medical decision making for their child's DSD and the likelihood of discussing their child's condition with others. 4 These concerns may interfere with parents' ability to engage in daily activities. Thus, understanding

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Stigma, Intrusiveness, and Distress in Parents of Children with a Disorder/Difference of Sex Development

Traino

Roberts

Fisher

et al. 2022

J Dev Behav Pediatr

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lower-income, increased medical expenses, and lack of other children can increase children's psychological distress. The interaction of multiple factors, such as parenting methods, family environment, and school trauma experience, has jointly led to the occurrence, maintenance, and transformation of children's emotional disorders ( 24 , 25 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health status of children with disorders of sexual development and their correlates

Cai

Zhu

Tian

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Disorders of sexual development (DSD) refer to the congenital abnormalities of chromosomes, gonads, or gender anatomy. Children with DSD usually experience more stress. The present study aims to evaluate the mental health status of children with DSD, and to explore the potential relevant factors. We included 30 children with DSD and 30 age- and gender-matched children without DSD as the control group. All the children and their parents completed the scales of the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). Children over 8 years old (n = 22) completed the Screen Scale for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), the Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC), and the Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran-own memories of parental rearing practices in childhood. DSD children had significantly higher somatic anxiety, mental anxiety, and total anxiety scores than the control group (p < 0.001). The scores of the SCARED, anxiety, and depression subscales of DSD children were higher than those of control children (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). The correlation analysis showed that the score of generalized anxiety was positively related to age and entertainment. The regression analysis showed that age was a major factor that affected generalized anxiety in DSD children, and neuroticism was a major factor of anxiety disorder and separation anxiety in DSD children. Children with DSD have obvious anxiety problems, which are associated with family environmental factors (entertainment, success, and conflicts) and age. It is important to focus emphasis on emotional stability in children with DSD for detecting anxiety-related emotional disorders early.

show abstract

“…• Some caregivers of children with DSD experience negative mental health outcomes, including increased parenting stress, decreased coping, perceived stigma, isolation, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. 1,2,3,4 • Among caregivers, social support is an important protective factor against negative mental health outcomes. 5,6 • Having a child with a DSD can change the way caregivers typically access their support networks due to hesitancy or perceived inability to share information with others about their child's diagnosis.…”

Section: Rationale For Promoting Information-sharing (Is)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplemental Material for Information Sharing in Differences of Sex Development: The Creation of a Caregiver-Support Tool

2022

Families, Systems, & Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Uncertainty and Posttraumatic Stress: Differences Between Mothers and Fathers of Infants with Disorders of Sex Development

Cited by 20 publications

References 40 publications

Stigma, Intrusiveness, and Distress in Parents of Children with a Disorder/Difference of Sex Development

Stigma, Intrusiveness, and Distress in Parents of Children with a Disorder/Difference of Sex Development

Mental health status of children with disorders of sexual development and their correlates

Supplemental Material for Information Sharing in Differences of Sex Development: The Creation of a Caregiver-Support Tool

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About