Uncertainties in the physical modelling of the wave overtopping over a rubble mound breakwater: The role of the seeding number and of the test duration

Experimental Analysis of Wave Overtopping: A New Small Scale Laboratory Dataset for the Assessment of Uncertainty for Smooth Sloped and Vertical Coastal Structures

“…This inevitably introduces scale effects. Note that the experimental set-up in [28] is similar to the present one in terms of hydraulic parameters (e.g., water depth, wave characteristics.…”

“…The work found that variability, due to the wave seeding, of the overtopping measured ranged from approximately between 8% and 15%, depending on the exact parameter of interest. Further work by [28] examined this same variability by considering a small set of laboratory experiments on a specific type of structure, namely a rubble mound breakwater. Similarly to numerical model results, it was shown that, when the probability of overtopping was less than 5% and for R * = R c /H m0 > 2 (where R c is the structure crest freeboard above the still water level and H m0 is the spectral significant wave height at the structure toe), the variability was higher, decreasing as overtopping discharges increased.…”

“…Although physical modelling is generally considered to be a reliable approach for the prediction of overtopping at coastal structures, when complex layouts or wave conditions are considered, the study by [28] identified that further research is required. A further motivation to the present study is given by the fact that this type of uncertainty in the laboratory tests is implicitly included in empirical formulae, which provide confidence bounds of the overtopping prediction to quantify uncertainty coming from all sources.…”

“…As noted in [28], the study of uncertainty using multiple tests with different seeding forces to use small (i.e., with depth at generation of the order of a fraction of 1 m) scales. This inevitably introduces scale effects.…”

Three-dimensional hydrodynamic lake simulations of avalanche-generated impulse wave dynamics for potential GLOF scenarios at Lake Palcacocha, Peru

“…However, these studies still focus on simple cases and geometries rather than real-world scenarios. Few researchers have looked at the issue of wave run-up (e.g., Synolakis, 1987 and1991;Muller, 1995;Liu et al, 2005;Capel, 2015;Romano et al, 2015;Etemad-Shahidi et al, 2016), and most use empirical formulas or simplified approaches for wave run-up calculations, making assumptions about the lake geometry that may not be realistic (e.g., uniform water depth and a regularly sloped dam). 15…”