Uncertainties in data for the offshore environment

A novel approach for navigational guidance of ships using onboard monitoring systems

“…Under real operational conditions many of these governing parameters are not known exactly (e.g. Bitner-Gregersen and Hagen [2] and Bitner-Gregersen et al [3]). Instead, the parameters may be specified with uncertainty, so that the specific parameter is described by a random variable with a given probability density function.…”

“…It is important to stress that the uncertainty modelling should both seek to describe the kind of uncertainties -aleatory (natural and physical) and/or epistemic (knowledge) -and to quantify the uncertainties in question (Bitner-Gregersen and Hagen [2] and Skjong et al [50]). The details of the computational procedures to evaluate, say, mean outcrossing rates of Gaussian and non-Gaussian processes, including uncertainty modelling, will not be outlined here.…”

Joint met-ocean description for design and operations of marine structures

“…This uncertainty may be classified into: data uncertainty, statistical uncertainty, model uncertainty and climatic uncertainty as proposed by Bitner-Gregersen and Hagen [33] (see also [34]). Data uncertainty is due to imperfection of an instrument used to measure a quantity, and/or a model used for generating data.…”

Stochastic modeling of long-term and extreme value estimation of wind and sea conditions for probabilistic reliability assessments of wave energy devices

“…Measurement uncertainties can be divided into systematic errors (bias) and random errors (precision). In general, the systematic error can be neglected in instrumental wind and wave state measurements (Bitner-Gregersen and Hagen, 1990).…”