“…Previous qualitative research has led to important insights into cohabitation and marriage in individual countries (e.g., Manning and Smock 2005;Miller et al 2011;Mynarska and Bernardi 2007;Syltevik 2010;Le Goff and Ryser 2010;Sassler 2004;Lindsay 2000;Jamieson et al 2002;Gibson-Davis, Edin, and McLanahan 2005;Reed 2006), but most of this research relied on in-depth interviews, did not focus on social norms, and did not compare results across countries. A qualitative project coordinated from the outset and following a common research design did compare childbearing decision-making across countries (Bernardi, Mynarska, and Rossier 2015); however, this research was based on in-depth interviews and did not capture general social norms and attitudes in the same way a focus group does. Focus groups have the distinctive advantage that social norms appear more clearly than in other qualitative methods through the interaction between respondents, who support and sanction each other.…”