Unboxing the Black Box of Visual Expertise in Medicine

Jarodzka, Halszka; Boshuizen, Henny P. A.

doi:10.14786/flr.v5i3.332

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…This method may have been uncomfortable for some participants or may have exceeded their cognitive capacities (Chinn et al 2011;Schraw 2000). This conclusion needs to remain speculative, however, and more research is needed to clarify how the cognitive demands of a task influence the quality of verbal protocols (Jarodzka and Boshuizen 2017).…”

Section: Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating professed and enacted epistemic beliefs about the uncertainty of scientific knowledge when students evaluate scientific controversies

et al. 2020

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Prior research on epistemic beliefs, that is, individuals' views about knowledge and knowing, has mainly focused either on individuals' professed beliefs (as reported in questionnaires) or on their enacted beliefs (as indicated during task processing). However, little is known about the relation between professed and enacted epistemic beliefs. The present study focused on beliefs about the uncertainty of scientific knowledge and investigated both professed and enacted beliefs in the context of evaluations of scientific controversies. Participants were N = 79 university students who first completed a questionnaire that targeted their professed uncertainty beliefs about scientific knowledge. Then, approximately 1 week later, they completed a standardized test in which they evaluated five scientific controversies. Cued retrospective verbal reports were used to measure their enacted uncertainty beliefs while taking the test. Results revealed that professed and enacted uncertainty beliefs were interrelated and that both variables predicted individuals' performance with regard to the evaluation of scientific controversies. Furthermore, the effect of professed uncertainty beliefs on controversy-evaluation performance was partly mediated by enacted uncertainty beliefs. The findings of the present study point toward novel theoretical insights and educational implications regarding the relations between professed and enacted beliefs about the uncertainty of scientific knowledge and their role in individuals' evaluation of scientific controversies.

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Section: Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating professed and enacted epistemic beliefs about the uncertainty of scientific knowledge when students evaluate scientific controversies

et al. 2020

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“…With more and more researchers using eye tracking technology as a research tool, eye tracking is a promising method in academic and industrial research. It has the potential to provide insights into a lots of issues in the visual and cognitive fields: education [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], medicine [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], assistive technology for people with a variety of debilitating conditions [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], better interface design [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], marketing and media [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Furthermore, as an important psychological experiment research method, eye movement provides a new perspective and way for educational technology research [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaze Information Channel in Cognitive Comprehension of Poster Reading

Hao

Sbert

2019

Entropy

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Today, eye trackers are extensively used in studying human cognition. However, it is hard to analyze and interpret eye movement data from the cognitive comprehension perspective of poster reading. To find quantitative links between eye movements and cognitive comprehension, we tracked observers’ eye movement for reading scientific poster publications. We model in this paper eye tracking fixation sequences between content-dependent Areas of Interests (AOIs) as a Markov chain. Furthermore, we use the fact that a Markov chain is a special case of information or communication channel. Then, the gaze transition can be modeled as a discrete information channel, the gaze information channel. Next, some traditional eye tracking metrics, together with the gaze entropy and mutual information of the gaze information channel are calculated to quantify cognitive comprehension for every participant. The analysis of the results demonstrate that the gaze entropy and mutual information from individual gaze information channel are related to participants’ individual differences. This is the first study that eye tracking technology has been used to assess the cognitive comprehension of poster reading. The present work provides insights into human cognitive comprehension by using the novel gaze information channel methodology.

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“…Devoted to research on visual expertise, this special issue consists of 12 contributions in three sections: (a) This Introduction sets the stage for the unfolding reflection, (b) 9 articles reflect on diverse methodological approaches, and (c) 2 commentaries by Boucheix (2017) as well as Jarodzka and Boshuizen (2017) close the special issue. These two concluding commentaries offer a detailed discussion of each of the nine articles and synthesize their lessons in novel ways.…”

Section: Structure Of the Special Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further developments in the field could profit from combining this particular metaphor with alternative metaphors. The special issue is thus a first step towards reaching this ambitious goal (see also the commentaries by Boucheix, 2017, and Jarodzka and Boshuizen, 2017, as well as Gegenfurtner et al, 2013Lehtinen, 2012;Säljö, 2009). Probably, research aimed at method triangulation will advance the field more than discussions about the superiority of a particular method (Carsetti, 2004;Sauseng & Klimesch, 2008).…”

Section: Structure Of the Special Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These approaches are: cognitive-neurosciences (Gegenfurtner et al, 2017b), receiver operating characteristics analysis (Krupsinki, 2017), eye tracking (Fox & Faulkner-Jones, 2017), pupillometry (Szulewski, Kelton, & Howes, 2017), the flash-preview moving window paradigm (Litchfield & Donovan, 2017), the combination of eye tracking data and verbal report data (Helle, 2017), the use of interviews and verbal protocols (Van de Wiel, 2017), ethnomethodology (Ivarsson, 2017), and the expert performance approach (Williams, Fawyer, & Hodges, 2017). The special issue closes with two commentaries (Boucheix, 2017;Jarodzka & Boshuizen, 2017). Before we introduce each contribution, we would like to present a framework that aims to structure the pluralism of methodologies in visual expertise research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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