Unbegleitete minderjährige Geflüchtete

Abstract

Wie sind die Lebenssituationen und Perspektiven unbegleiteter minderjähriger Geflüchteter in Deutschland? Was sind förderliche Organisationskulturen, die eine gelingende Versorgung und Betreuung ermöglichen? Durch eine dreifache Perspektivübernahme gehen die Autor_innen diesen Fragen nach: Gemeinsam mit geflüchteten Jugendlichen nehmen sie die Subjektperspektive ein und erforschen die Sicht der Jugendlichen auf ihr Leben in Deutschland. Aus der Einrichtungsperspektive evaluieren sie, wie Probleme und Herausforderungen in den Einrichtungen bearbeitet werden. Und mit dem Blick aus der Strukturperspektive untersuchen sie schließlich die sozialräumliche Einbettung und fragen nach Faktoren, die die Teilhabe der jungen Geflüchteten am gesellschaftlichen Leben begünstigen.

Explaining psychosocial care among unaccompanied minor refugees: a realist review

“…Post-migratory stressors are multifaceted [51] and shape the UMRs' daily lives, psychosocial well-being and mental health; they include material, social and daily stressors as well as acculturational stress. Especially, constant negotiations with authorities and a general lack of residence stability can lead to the UMRs' lack of trust in the arriving societies and especially in its care systems [46,52].…”

“…Because trust is of high importance and functions in a life-guiding and even safety-ensuring role in the UMRs' preand peri-migration phases [46,53,54], a lack of trust might impact their agency and future orientations [52]; this may aggravate their adjustment processes and shape their PSC, psychological and psychiatric therapy needs [55]. Access to trustworthy care structures is interpreted as giving a "sense of belonging" [56].…”

“…On the one hand, social and cultural adjustment is highly linked to the personal as well as the social background and motivation of the UMRs themselves and their attitude towards their new living conditions [46]; on the other hand, it is also linked to the existence of either welcoming or othering cultures within the arrival country [6]. The political contexts concerning the right to family reunification and the classifications of UMR countries of origin as safe or unsafe define further mechanisms [49,52] that shape care contexts, as described above. Possibly undersupply and failures to recognise the UMRs' needs [46] and barriers to PSC can be reinforced by the general ambiguity between human and children´s rights and asylum law [49].…”

“…Possibly undersupply and failures to recognise the UMRs' needs [46] and barriers to PSC can be reinforced by the general ambiguity between human and children´s rights and asylum law [49]. For example, within the German context, the conflict between the youth welfare legislation (SGBIII) and the German Asylum Laws (AsylG) put caregivers in disempowering situations, which consequently promote risks for PTSD chronification and the undersupply of PSC for UMRs [49,52,59]. Due to inappropriate legal conditions, there is a certain risk of administrative detention throughout Europe and especially Germany [60].…”

“…Low-threshold offers in these fields cannot alleviate the underlying structural conditions but can provide partial relief. Another outcome is gender and relates to gender-specific reasons to flee [44] (e.g., FGM female genital mutilation [49,52]). One of the multiple reasons the female proportion of UMRs is relatively low in the arriving countries is the fact that girls face multiple dangers of sexual exploitation during their migration process and beyond (in Germany, of the total UMRs, girls comprised 8,6% in 2015 [52] and 10% in 2016 [44]).…”