UN Peacekeeping Economies and Local Sex Industries: Connections and Implications

Jennings, Kathleen M.; Nikolić‐Ristanović, Vesna

doi:10.2139/ssrn.1488842

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Peacekeeping economies have been well studied (28)(29)(30)(31)(32) and refer to "Economic activity that either would not occur or would occur at a much lower scale and rate of pay, without the international presence, of which a UN peacekeeping mission is a central component". (K. M. Jennings, 2014, p. 315) In Haiti, socio-economic vulnerability and ubiquitous gender inequality result in a range of gendered survival strategies that disproportionately affect women and girls, such as trading sex for money, food, or security (i.e.…”

Section: Geographic Distribution Of Peacekeeping Economies and Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distribution and Consequences of Sexual Misconduct by Peacekeepers in Haiti: A Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Analysis

Vahedi

Stuart

Lee

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background From 2004 to 2017, the UN sanctioned The United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) to address Haiti's political instability. Reports of sexual misconduct perpetrated by peacekeeping personnel, including children fathered by peacekeepers, were made during the course of MINUSTAH.To date no epidemiological studies have analyzed the distribution and consequences of sexual misconduct perpetrated by MINUSTAH peacekeepers. This research will: (1) Explore the association between location (rural, semi-urban, urban) and the sharing of narratives about sexual misconduct perpetrated by MINUSTAH peacekeepers; (2) Investigate the relationship between sharing narratives about sexual misconduct and the desire to engage with the UN/MINUSTAH. MethodsIn 2017, a cross-sectional survey was administered by Haitian research assistants using SenseMaker®, a rapid mixed-methods data collection tool that allows participants to share a narrative on a topic of interest. In total, 2541 self-interpreted narratives pertaining to the experiences of women/girls in relation to the UN were collected across Haiti. Secondary data analysis using logbinomial regression modeled the relationships of interest. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.4. Results(1) After adjustment, Haitians living in rural areas were more likely (RR rural : 1.19; 95% CI: 1. 03, 1.38) to share a narrative about sexual misconduct, compared to Haitians living in urban areas.(2) The association between sharing narratives of sexual misconduct and willingness to engage with the UN was modified by who the narrative was about. Haitians who expressed personal experiences of sexual misconduct were more likely (RR sex : 4.52; 95% CI: 3.34, 6.12) to reject the UN/MINUSTAH, compared to Haitians who shared personal positive/neutral narratives of MINUSTAH. ConclusionsNarratives of civilian-peacekeeper sexual misconduct are geographically distributed and associated with rejecting the UN/MINUSTAH. This epidemiological analysis is an empirical steppingstone to understanding the distribution and consequences of peacekeeper perpetrated sexual misconduct.

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Section: Geographic Distribution Of Peacekeeping Economies and Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distribution and Consequences of Sexual Misconduct by Peacekeepers in Haiti: A Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Analysis

Vahedi

Stuart

Lee

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Peacekeeping economies have been well studied (33)(34)(35)(36)(37) and refer to "Economic activity that either would not occur or would occur at a much lower scale and rate of pay, without the international presence, of which a UN peacekeeping mission is a central component" (38) In Haiti, socio-economic vulnerability and ubiquitous gender inequality result in a range of gendered survival strategies that disproportionately affect women and girls, such as trading sex for money, food, or security (i.e. transactional sex) (39).…”

Section: Geographic Distribution Of Peacekeeping Economies and Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distribution and Consequences of Sexual Misconduct Perpetrated by Peacekeepers in Haiti: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Analysis

Vahedi

Stuart

Lee

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Reports of sexual abuse and exploitation and children fathered by peacekeepers were made during the course of The United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). This research (1) Explores the association between location (rural, semi-urban, urban) and the sharing of narratives about sexual misconduct perpetrated by MINUSTAH peacekeepers; (2) Investigates the relationship between sharing narratives about sexual misconduct and the desire to engage with the UN/MINUSTAH. In 2017, a cross-sectional survey was administered by Haitian research assistants using SenseMaker®, a rapid mixed-methods data collection tool that allows participants to share a narrative on a topic of interest. In total, 2541 self-interpreted narratives pertaining to the experiences of women/girls in relation to MINUSTAH were collected across Haiti. After adjustment, narratives from rural areas were more likely (RRrural: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.38) to address sexual misconduct, compared to narratives shared in urban areas. (2) Personal experiences of sexual misconduct were more likely (RRsex: 4.52; 95% CI: 3.34, 6.12) to be associated with rejection of the UN/MINUSTAH, compared to personal narratives of positive/neutral experiences. This research is an empirical steppingstone to understanding the distribution and consequences of peacekeeper perpetrated sexual abuse and exploitation in Haiti.

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“…The second mission‐specific effect is economic. The arrival of UN personnel turns the local economy into a so‐called “peacekeeping economy” (Jennings and Nikolić‐Ristanović ). Peacekeeping stimulates the local economy in several ways, for example, increasing employment opportunities and wages (Bove and Gavrilova ).…”

Section: Do Peace Missions Boost Criminal Violence?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Peacekeepers against Criminal Violence—Unintended Effects of Peacekeeping Operations?

Salvatore

2019

American J Political Sci

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Research shows that peacekeepers reduce conflict intensity; however, effects of deployment on nonpolitical violence are unknown. This article focuses on criminal violence and proposes a twofold mechanism to explain why peacekeeping missions, even when effectively reducing conflict, can inadvertently increase criminal violence. First, less conflict opens up economic opportunities (so-called peacekeeping economies) and provides operational security for organized crime, thus increasing violent competition among criminal groups. Second, demobilized combatants are vulnerable to turn to crime because of limited legal livelihood opportunities and their training in warfare. While UN troops may exacerbate these dynamics, UN police's peculiar role is likely to successfully contain criminal violence. Cross-national and subnational empirical analyses show that large UN military deployments result in higher homicide rates, whereas UN police, overall, moderate this collateral effect.

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UN Peacekeeping Economies and Local Sex Industries: Connections and Implications

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

The Distribution and Consequences of Sexual Misconduct by Peacekeepers in Haiti: A Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Analysis

The Distribution and Consequences of Sexual Misconduct by Peacekeepers in Haiti: A Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Analysis

The Distribution and Consequences of Sexual Misconduct Perpetrated by Peacekeepers in Haiti: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Analysis

Peacekeepers against Criminal Violence—Unintended Effects of Peacekeeping Operations?

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