Un-lubricated sliding wear performance of unalloyed austempered ductile iron under high contact stresses

Zimba, J.; Samandi, M.; Yu, D.; Chandra, T.; Navara, E.; Simbi, D.J.

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2003.11.004

Cited by 42 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In comparison with pearlitic grey irons, superior wear resistance in ADI was found and was reported as being due to its graphite structure [24]. In unalloyed ADI, high wear resistance is due to its high carbon ausferritic structure and strain-induced transformation of austenite into martensite [25] and wear resistance is improved by the formation of fine ausferrite with carbide dispersions [26]. It is also reported that wear resistance increases with increases in hardness and the coefficient of friction, because of work hardening and strain-induced martensitic formation [7,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI): Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure, Mechanical and Wear Properties and Energy Consumption

Sellamuthu

Samuel

Dinakaran

et al. 2018

Metals

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Alloyed Ductile iron, austenitized at 840 • C for 30 min in a special sealed austempering furnace, was austempered for 30 min in molten salt mixture at 4 trial temperatures of 300 • C, 320 • C, 340 • C and 360 • C. Tensile strength, yield strength, percentage elongation and impact energy were evaluated for the as-cast and austempered samples. Microstructures were investigated using microscopy, coupled with analyzing software and a scanning electron microscopy. The specific wear of samples was tested using pin-on-disc wear testing machine. X-ray diffraction was performed to calculate the amount of retained austenite present in the ausferrite matrix. As-cast microstructure consists of ferrite and pearlite, whereas austempered ductile iron (ADI) contains a mixture of acicular ferrite and carbon enriched austenite, called "ausferrite". Hardness and strength decreased, whereas ductility and impact strength improved with an increase in the austempering temperature. XRD analysis revealed that the increase in austempering temperature increased the retained austenite content. A decrease in wear resistance with austempering temperature was observed. Modified Quality Index (MQI) values were envisaged, incorporating tensile strength, elongation and wear resistance. MQI for samples austempered at 340 • C and 360 • C showed a better combination of properties. About an 8% reduction in energy consumption was gained when the heat treatment parameters were optimized.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI): Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure, Mechanical and Wear Properties and Energy Consumption

Sellamuthu

Samuel

Dinakaran

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…Apart from alloying element and heat treatment graphite nodule size and distribution affects the wear resistance of SG iron. According to a study by Sugishita and Fujiyoshi [12] and Zimba et.al [13] presence of large size graphite nodules reduces the wear rate by acting as lubricating agent. The past results reported are mainly leaned towards austempered ductile iron and the studies were focused on the effect of austempering time and temperature on wear behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry sliding wear system response of ferritic and tempered martensitic ductile iron

Jha

Mozumder

Shama

et al. 2015

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract. Spheroidal graphite cast iron (SG iron) is the most preferable member of cast iron family due to its strength and toughness along with good tribological properties. SG iron specimens with annealed and martensitic matrix were subjected to dry sliding wear condition and the system response was correlated to matrix microstructure. Respective microstructure was obtained by annealing and quench and tempering heat treatment process for an austenitizing temperature of 1000°C. Specimens were subjected to Ball on plate wear tester under 40N, 50N, 60N load for a sliding distance of 7.54m. Except for quench and tempered specimen at 50N, weight loss was observed in every condition. The wear surface under optical microscope reveals adhesive mechanism for as-cast and annealed specimen whereas delaminated wear track feature was observed for quench and tempered specimen. Keywords: SG cast iron, dry sliding wear, microstructure, wear morphology I. IntroductionSpheroidal graphite cast iron (SG iron) or ductile iron (DI) unlike every other cast iron has graphite in the form of spheroids which act as crack arrester, due to which it possesses higher strength and toughness along with better wear resistance. Furthermore it has been proved that the properties of SG iron can be improved by application of suitable heat treatment process leading to transformation of ascast ferritic or ferritic/pearlitic matrix into pearlitic, martensitic and bainitic. Austempered ductile iron is one of the most favorable materials among all other type because of its excellent strength, toughness, wear resistance, fatigue strength and fracture toughness [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Tribological investigation carried out on austempered SG iron with varying austempering time and temperature, reported increased wear resistance with increasing austempering temperature and time along with increased hardness during wear due to the bainitic ferrite which is less prone to thermal instability than martensite, might undergo strain hardening [9,10]. Tempering treatment on ductile iron with boron increased the wear resistance but with increasing boriding time wear rate of boro-tempered ductile iron decreased [11]. Apart from alloying element and heat treatment graphite nodule size and distribution affects the wear resistance of SG iron. According to a study by Sugishita and Fujiyoshi [12] and Zimba et.al [13] presence of large size graphite nodules reduces the wear rate by acting as lubricating agent.

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“…Therefore, the striving for replacing hard-wearing cast steels and forged alloy steels with ADIs has been observed for many years. Bahmani [11], Fordyce et al [12], Kumari et al [13], Perez et al [14], Rundman et al [15], Shepperson et al [16], Zhou et al [17] and Zimba et al [18,19] found that ADIs had wear properties comparable with those of steels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abrasive Wear Properties of Fe-Based Alloys Designed for Mining Applications

Wieczorek¹,

Myszka²

2017

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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The purpose of this study was to determine experimentally the wear properties of 5 groups of iron-based alloys used in the mining and transport machines exposed to the action of a hard abrasive material. The groups of materials to be examined included austempered ductile irons (ADI), steels and cast steel designed for quenching and tempering and for surface hardening, hard-wearing hardened steels and structural steels. The wear tests were carried out on a disc-on-disc test rig. The test samples were examined under conditions of sliding mating, while the leading destructive process was microcutting of the surface with loose corundum grain. The loss of mass of the examined samples was measured as a parameter characterizing the wear. Base on it, other wear coefficients were determined, for example the volume loss, the intensity of wear and the wear rate. The volume loss values determined were presented as a function of the strength and the initial hardness. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the hardened steel and ADI had comparable wear properties, while the ADI surface was strengthened probably as a result of the transition of austenite into martensite and the impact of the deformation of the graphite contained in ADI on the abrasive wear of the surface.

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Un-lubricated sliding wear performance of unalloyed austempered ductile iron under high contact stresses

Cited by 42 publications

References 14 publications

Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI): Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure, Mechanical and Wear Properties and Energy Consumption

Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI): Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure, Mechanical and Wear Properties and Energy Consumption

Dry sliding wear system response of ferritic and tempered martensitic ductile iron

Abrasive Wear Properties of Fe-Based Alloys Designed for Mining Applications

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