Security and difference -the categories brought together in this volume are huge and multifaceted. We do not intend to define their meaning(s) narrowly -either in advance or in retrospect. We rather seek to explore their coexistence, relationship and interaction in particular historical settings, discourses and circumstances, taking into account different media and also visual culture. Our guiding assumption is that security makes a difference in multiple ways and is ambiguous in this capacity.From an individual point of view and figuratively speaking, it makes quite a difference whether I am safe from physical or mental harm, whether I am securely sheltered and have a space for myself, whether I have access to food and education, whether I am healthy, have a partner, family and friends who care for me, whether I am free from oppression, discrimination and persecution. The question remains to what extent my personal safety needs and their satisfaction endanger the safety of others. This takes the issue of security to another level and concerns the social collective. Security turns out to be a limited resource that tends to be unequally distributed. Its management and distribution are the responsibility of the authorities, usually the government, whose position of power is often reified, legitimized and confirmed. A government must prioritize between more or less needy people, as well as between more or less pressing security issues. The desire for and guarantee of (whose?) security, obviously, are closely connected with differences that are constantly sought, asserted, reasoned and (re)affirmed. The priority given to one security issue will be at the expense of another; relative security of one social group might imply relative insecurity for another. Thus, authoritarian or state security policy is instrumental in creating and maintaining social differences, which in turn have their share in provoking and shaping collective security concerns. From a cultural-historical perspective, these have always 1 I am greatly indebted to Huub van Baar, Anja Krause, Angela Marciniak and Michael Quinn for substantive corrections, ideas, and suggestions for the writing of this introduction. Thanks are also due to Hans-Jürgen Bömelburg, Nicolas de Keyser and Karolina Kluczewska.