On the base of a long chronological sequence of stratified lake-dwellings, in Clairvaux-les-Lacs (Jura, France), the authors propose an analysis of cultural trends which govern the transition between Middel Neolithic II and Late Neolithic, in the N.W. of the Alps. Organizing into a hierarchy the evolution of artefacts (pottery, stone, bone and wood), one has tried to differentiate chrono-cultural indicators of regional evolutions (the part of techniques and of environment transformations), of more general evolutions (beads, shapes and decoration of ceramics) and long distance transfers (objects, techniques and ideas). Chronological correlations are then proposed, between cultures of "Chasséen évolué", N.M.B., Cortaillod, Pfyn, Les Treilles/Ferrières, Fontbouïsse, Chalcolithique provençal, Horgen, Lùscherz, Auvernier, S.O.M., Gord, Artenac, Cordée, Clairvaux, Chalain, stating the nature of contacts and transfers from one to another. At last, this approaching, on the base of plentiful series of artefacts from lake shores, well dated by dendrochronology, allowed to lead up to suggestions of important socio-economic modifications, of which the evolution of cultural and technical trends could be only the reflection.