Umbilical cord venous progesterone at term delivery in relation to mode of delivery

Aisien, AO; Towobola, Olakunle Adewunmi; Otubu, J. A. M.; Imade, Godwin

doi:10.1016/0020-7292(94)90457-x

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Because during late pregnancy, electrocardiographic intervals including the QTc become longer 37,38 and fetal progesterone levels rise significantly, 39 one might anticipate that an intrauterine fetal death-related LQTS channelopathy would be more represented in advanced pregnancy. In fact, about two-thirds of the cases with a pathogenic or rare functional genetic variant had intrauterine fetal death occur during the third trimester.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long QT Syndrome–Associated Mutations in Intrauterine Fetal Death

Crotti¹,

Tester²,

White³

et al. 2013

JAMA

147

120

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long QT Syndrome–Associated Mutations in Intrauterine Fetal Death

Crotti¹,

Tester²,

White³

et al. 2013

JAMA

147

120

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“…In the fetus, the P4 level was reported to be very high (ϳ4.5 mol/liter) in umbilical cord vein during late stages of pregnancy (7). At this stage, longer QT and corrected QT intervals were reported in fetal magnetocardiography and noninvasive fetal electrocardiography (14,15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is probably because P4 at this level enhances the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K ϩ current and inhibits L-type Ca 2ϩ currents (6). If pregnancy occurs, P4 levels are initially maintained at the luteal level, but may increase to 1 mol/liter at term (7). Elevated levels of P4 are important for the implantation of the embryo and the maintenance of a conducive environment for the embryo.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progesterone Impairs Human Ether-a-go-go-related Gene (HERG) Trafficking by Disruption of Intracellular Cholesterol Homeostasis

Soong

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The prolongation of QT intervals in both mothers and fetuses during the later period of pregnancy implies that higher levels of progesterone may regulate the function of the human ether-ago-go-related gene (HERG) potassium channel, a key ion channel responsible for controlling the length of QT intervals. Here, we studied the effect of progesterone on the expression, trafficking, and function of HERG channels and the underlying mechanism. Treatment with progesterone for 24 h decreased the abundance of the fully glycosylated form of the HERG channel in rat neonatal cardiac myocytes and HERG-HEK293 cells, a cell line stably expressing HERG channels. Progesterone also concentration-dependently decreased HERG current density, but had no effect on voltage-gated L-type Ca Progesterone (P4) 2 is an important steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis. In the normal menstrual cycle, P4 levels increase from 0.6 -4.5 nmol/liter during the preovulatory phase to 10.5-80 nmol/liter during the luteal phase (1). It was reported that P4 at Ͻ100 nmol/liter, which is comparable with that occurring during the luteal phase, had no significant effect on the QT interval (2-4). However, recent studies show that P4 may shorten the action potential duration or QT interval (5). This is probably because P4 at this level enhances the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K ϩ current and inhibits L-type Ca 2ϩ currents (6). If pregnancy occurs, P4 levels are initially maintained at the luteal level, but may increase to 1 mol/liter at term (7). Elevated levels of P4 are important for the implantation of the embryo and the maintenance of a conducive environment for the embryo. At such a high level, the corrected QT interval is significantly prolonged (8, 9). This explains why pregnant women are more susceptible to ventricular arrhythmias during pregnancy, labor, and delivery (10 -12). However, it is interesting to note that in the patients with inherited long QT syndrome (LQTS) the risk for cardiac events is not higher during pregnancy than during other periods in life (10, 13). These findings suggest that the mechanisms for pregnancy-induced cardiac events in normal healthy women are different from those in the patients with inherited LQTS.In the fetus, the P4 level was reported to be very high (ϳ4.5 mol/liter) in umbilical cord vein during late stages of pregnancy (7). At this stage, longer QT and corrected QT intervals were reported in fetal magnetocardiography and noninvasive fetal electrocardiography (14, 15). More importantly, the rate of sudden death is higher in the uterus than at most other times in the human life cycle. Although the major reasons remain unknown, several studies of newborns suggest that QT prolongation and the increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias may account for the significant mortality (16,17). This may be the same for stillbirth as several case reports indicate that LQTS is one cause for otherwise unexplained fetal demise (18).The human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HE...

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“…reported interfering compounds that eluted at the same time as PFHxS which prevented PFHxS quantification 31. Umbilical cord venous progesterone increases with longer duration of labour38 and is dependent on the mode of delivery 39. In fact, the placenta produces 250 mg of progesterone per day as the pregnancy progresses40 and 75 mg per day is passed to the fetus through the umbilical vein 41.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry interferences and the case of perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) in human serum; are we overestimating exposure?

Chan

Sandhu

Benskin

et al. 2009

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Perfluorinated acids have received increasing scientific attention due to their widespread global distribution, environmental persistence and bioaccumulation in wildlife and humans. For perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS, C(6)F(13)SO(3) (-), m/z 399), all existing human data have been generated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and its most sensitive tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) transitions (m/z 399/80 [SO(3)](-) or m/z 399/99 [SO(3)F](-)), but this may be problematic because of co-eluting endogenous steroid sulfates that share common fragmentation pathways. We examined the magnitude of over-reporting for PFHxS in pregnant women (n = 29), and in pooled serum of males, non-pregnant and pregnant females (n = 3, 100 samples per pool), by comparing m/z 399/80 and 399/99 data with an interference-free transition, m/z 399/119. PFHxS concentrations in pregnant women determined using m/z 399/80 and 399/99 (p < 0.05), but not m/z 399/119, were positively correlated to the response of the steroid sulfates. This led to an average overestimation of PFHxS by 1.5- and 4.7-fold, using m/z 399/80 and 399/99, respectively, and validated the use of m/z 399/119 for the first time. The interferences were a problem in all human serum samples, and analysis of pooled serum revealed statistically significant over-reporting by m/z 399/80 and 399/99 for pregnant women > non-pregnant women > men. The magnitude of over-reporting here represents a worst-case scenario, but the extent to which the published literature values are biased is unknown due to limited details of methods in existing reports. Instead of using the less sensitive m/z 399/119 transition, we showed that an alternative selection of column and mobile phase can allow for sufficient chromatographic separation of the interferences. In conclusion, it was shown that routine analytical methods are prone to systematically overestimating PFHxS concentrations in serum of men or women, but that this can be avoided by alternative chromatographic steps or MS/MS transitions.

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Umbilical cord venous progesterone at term delivery in relation to mode of delivery

Abstract: The findings demonstrate that the fetuses exposed to stress during labor produce higher progesterone secretion. This could be one possible way the fetus protects itself against the sequelae of hypoxia.

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Long QT Syndrome–Associated Mutations in Intrauterine Fetal Death

Long QT Syndrome–Associated Mutations in Intrauterine Fetal Death

Progesterone Impairs Human Ether-a-go-go-related Gene (HERG) Trafficking by Disruption of Intracellular Cholesterol Homeostasis

Endogenous high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry interferences and the case of perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) in human serum; are we overestimating exposure?

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