Ultrawide Noise Bandwidth of NbN Hot-Electron Bolometer Mixers With In Situ Gold Contacts

Tretyakov, I. V.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Finkel, Matvey; Maslennikov, S. N.; Maslennikova, Anna; Kaurova, N.; Lobastova, A. A.; Voronov, B.; Gol'Tsman, G. N.

doi:10.1109/tasc.2010.2090634

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Generally, they are divided into low-temperature superconducting (LTS) and high-temperature superconducting (HTS) mixers based on the critical temperature of the superconducting materials. Typical LTS devices like superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) mixers [4]- [6] and hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers [7]- [9] are more sensitive than the HTS mixers, but they operate at liquid helium temperature (4.2 K) range thus requiring expensive and bulky cryogenic facilities. In comparison, the HTS devices operate at higher bath temperatures, where cheaper and portable single-stage cryocoolers can be used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of a Broadband High-Temperature Superconducting Terahertz Mixer Operating at Temperatures Between 40 and 77 K

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2017

J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves

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This paper presents a systematic investigation of a broadband thin-film antenna-coupled high-temperature superconducting (HTS) terahertz (THz) harmonic mixer at relatively high operating temperature from 40 to 77 K. The mixer device chip was fabricated using the CSIRO established step-edge YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) Josephson junction technology, packaged in a well-designed module and cooled in a temperature adjustable cryocooler. Detailed experimental characterizations were carried out for the broadband HTS mixer at both the 200 GHz and 600 GHz bands in harmonic mixing mode. The DC current-voltage characteristics (IVCs), bias current condition, local oscillator (LO) power requirement, frequency response as well as conversion efficiency under different bath temperatures were thoroughly investigated for demonstrating the frequency down-conversion performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of a Broadband High-Temperature Superconducting Terahertz Mixer Operating at Temperatures Between 40 and 77 K

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2017

J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves

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“…The transition temperature of a thin-lm superconductor depends on many parameters, including the transition temperature of the bulk superconductor, lm thickness, fabrication quality, and superconductor-substrate interface [77]. Some superconductors commonly used in HEB mixers are NbN [78][79][80][81], NbTiN [82][83][84] and Nb [85]. There are two mechanisms for cooling radiation-heated electrons: phononcooling and diffusion-cooling.…”

Section: Hot Electron Bolometer Mixersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, gure 7(a) shows an HEB mixer with an integrated planar spiral antenna, which is favorable for broadband operation [86]. DSB noise temperatures of 410 K at 0.8 THz [84], 490 K at 1.475 THz [87], 600 K at 2.5 THz [78], 1200 K at 3.1 THz [88], 1300 K at 4.3 THz [79], 815 K at 4.7 THz [80], and 1520 K at 5.2 THz [81] have been demonstrated using HEB mixers. HEB mixers have been successfully employed in many missions, including the APEX Telescope [89], HIFI [69], and GREAT [90].…”

Section: Hot Electron Bolometer Mixersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterodyne terahertz detection through electronic and optoelectronic mixers

Lin

Jarrahi

2020

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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The high sensitivity detection of terahertz radiation is crucial for many chemical sensing, biomedical imaging, security screening, nondestructive quality control, high-data-rate communication, atmospheric, and astrophysics sensing applications. Among various terahertz detection techniques, heterodyne detection is of great interest for applications that require high spectral resolution. Heterodyne detection involves mixing the received terahertz radiation with a reference terahertz signal provided by a local oscillator and then down-converting it to an intermediate frequency for detection. The frequency of the intermediate frequency signal is usually chosen to be in the radio frequency regime, so that it can be accurately analyzed by well-developed radio frequency electronics, including ampli ers, lters, and spectrometers, for further processing. Heterodyne terahertz detection offers two major advantages over direct terahertz detection. First, the detected terahertz radiation is effectively enhanced by the reference local oscillator signal through the mixing process, thereby enabling the detection of very weak terahertz signals. Second, the detected noise power is effectively reduced by limiting the detected spectral bandwidth to the bandwidth of the intermediate frequency electronics. In this article, we present a broad overview of various types of heterodyne terahertz receivers, which utilize different electronic and optoelectronic techniques to down-convert the received terahertz signal to a radio frequency signal. We describe how the inherent nonlinearity of a Schottky diode, superconductor-insulator-superconductor junction, hot electron bolometer, and eld-effect transistor can be utilized to mix the received terahertz radiation with a reference local oscillator signal from a gas laser, quantum cascade laser, photomixer, Gunn diode, IMPATT diode, and frequency multiplier and then down-convert it to a radio frequency signal. The down-converted radio frequency signal can be subsequently detected and analyzed by various backend spectrometers, including lter bank, acousto-optical, autocorrelator, fast Fourier transform, and chirp transform spectrometers. We also discuss how a photomixer pumped by a heterodyning optical beam can be used to down-convert the received terahertz radiation to a radio frequency signal with far fewer bandwidth constraints than conventional techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of different heterodyne receivers in terms of their noise performance, operation frequency, operation bandwidth, and operation temperature are discussed in detail.

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“…There are many types of cryogenic THz detectors: indium antimonide hot electron bolometers [13,14,15], quantum well infrared detectors [16,17,18], superconducting bolometers [19,20,21] or doped germanium bolometers [22,23,24]. In the present paper, we consider a detector based on an epitaxial layer of HgCdTe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetoconductivity and Terahertz Response of a HgCdTe Epitaxial Layer

Yavorskiy

Karpierz

Baj

et al. 2018

Sensors

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An epitaxial layer of HgCdTe—a THz detector—was studied in magnetotransmission, magnetoconductivity and magnetophotoconductivity experiments at cryogenic temperatures. In the optical measurements, monochromatic excitation with photon frequency ranging from 0.05 THz to 2.5 THz was used. We show a resonant response of the detector at magnetic fields as small as 10 mT with the width of the resonant line equal to about 5 mT. Application of a circular polarizer at 2.5 THz measurements allowed for confirming selection rules predicted by the theory of optical transitions in a narrow-gap semiconductor and to estimate the band-gap to be equal to about 4.5 meV. The magnetoconductivity tensor was determined as a function of magnetic field and temperature 2 K < T < 120 K and analysed with a standard one-carrier conductivity model and the mobility spectrum technique. The sample showed n-type conductivity at all temperatures. At temperatures above about 30 K, conductivity was found to be reasonably described by the one-carrier model. At lower temperatures, this description is not accurate. The algorithm of the spectrum of mobility applied to data measured below 30 K showed presence of three types of carriers which were tentatively interpreted as electrons, light holes and heavy holes. The mobility of electrons and light holes is of the order of 106 cm2/Vs at the lowest temperatures. Magnetophotoconductivity experiments allowed for proposing a detector working at 2 K and 50 mT with a flat response between 0.05 THz and 2.5 THz.

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Ultrawide Noise Bandwidth of NbN Hot-Electron Bolometer Mixers With In Situ Gold Contacts

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Experimental Investigation of a Broadband High-Temperature Superconducting Terahertz Mixer Operating at Temperatures Between 40 and 77 K

Experimental Investigation of a Broadband High-Temperature Superconducting Terahertz Mixer Operating at Temperatures Between 40 and 77 K

Heterodyne terahertz detection through electronic and optoelectronic mixers

Magnetoconductivity and Terahertz Response of a HgCdTe Epitaxial Layer

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