Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of equilibrium sulfur vapor: molar absorptivity spectra of S3 and S4

Photochemistry of a Volcanically Driven Atmosphere on Io: Sulfur and Oxygen Species from a Pele-Type Eruption

“…Sulfur polymers may also form and be preserved as the condensate converts to the stable form (see Moses and Nash 1991). Because of strong broad electronic absorption bands at ∼390 nm and ∼530 nm , Meyer 1976; see also Billmers and Smith 1991), S 3 imparts a yellow-green color and S 4 imparts a red color to the condensed solid.…”

“…We use this information combined with the actual low-temperature cross sections, a dissociation threshold of 278 nm, and an assumed photodissociation efficiency of ∼77% to determine roughly appropriate photolysis cross sections for our model (see also A'Hearn et al 1983, de Almeida and Singh 1986, and Kim et al 1990 for further information about the photolysis lifetime of S 2 ). For S 3 , we use the measured photoabsorption cross sections of Billmers and Smith (1991), and we assume that photolysis into the branch S 3 → S 2 + S occurs with 100% efficiency at wavelengths below the threshold 455 nm. For S 4 , the cross sections also come from Billmers and Smith (1991).…”

“…For S 3 , we use the measured photoabsorption cross sections of Billmers and Smith (1991), and we assume that photolysis into the branch S 3 → S 2 + S occurs with 100% efficiency at wavelengths below the threshold 455 nm. For S 4 , the cross sections also come from Billmers and Smith (1991). Based on the photodissociation thresholds for the S 4 → 2S 2 versus S 4 → S 3 + S (1080 nm vs 439 nm), we assume that the former pathway dominates, and we arbitrarily adopt an 80% dissociation efficiency when determining the photolysis cross sections.…”

“…Although the photodissociation reactions for the pure alkali and halogen species are not included in the list (see Paper 2), the full numbering system is maintained for consistency between papers. References: (a) Moses et al (2000) and references therein; (b) Mills (1998) and references therein; (c) Roger V. Yelle, personal communication, 2000; Billmers and Smith (1991); (e) Franklin P. Mills, personal communication, 1999;(f) Rajasekhar et al (1989); (g) Helmer and Plane (1993); (h) Summers and Strobel (1996); (i) Eska et al (1999).…”

Orbitals in Inorganic Chemistry: Metal Rings and Clusters, Hydronitrogens, and Heterocyles

“…The rule is applicable to all but S 3 in Table 1 [7]. The most stable is thiozone (C 2v ), whereas Se 3 has D 3h symmetry [14]. The lone pair repulsion may destabilize the S 3 ring and is weaker in the Se 3 ring due to the smaller overlap between the nonbonding orbitals.…”