Ultraviolet Spectrometry

Hirt, R. C.; Vandenbelt, J. M.

doi:10.1021/ac60211a025

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Viscosity is obtained with a rheometer (in general, outside of the process run), and so on. Additional analytical methods like gas chromatography (GC) [99,100], infrared (IR) spectrometry [101], ultraviolet (UV) spectrometry [102], the above mentioned Raman spectrometry [103], mass spectrometry (MS) [104,105] or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) [106,107,108,109,110] are used to determine the components of the mixture, depending on the applicability of the respective method to the gas. Visualization of flow processes can be obtained by, for example, high speed videography [111,112,113].…”

Section: Parameters Measurement Methods and Scalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Situ Measurements in Microscale Gas Flows—Conventional Sensors or Something Else?

Brandner

2019

Micromachines

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Within the last few decades miniaturization has a driving force in almost all areas of technology, leading to a tremendous intensification of systems and processes. Information technology provides now data density several orders of magnitude higher than a few years ago, and the smartphone technology includes, as well the simple ability to communicate with others, features like internet, video and music streaming, but also implementation of the global positioning system, environment sensors or measurement systems for individual health. So-called wearables are everywhere, from the physio-parameter sensing wrist smart watch up to the measurement of heart rates by underwear. This trend holds also for gas flow applications, where complex flow arrangements and measurement systems formerly designed for a macro scale have been transferred into miniaturized versions. Thus, those systems took advantage of the increased surface to volume ratio as well as of the improved heat and mass transfer behavior of miniaturized equipment. In accordance, disadvantages like gas flow mal-distribution on parallelized mini- or micro tubes or channels as well as increased pressure losses due to the minimized hydraulic diameters and an increased roughness-to-dimension ratio have to be taken into account. Furthermore, major problems are arising for measurement and control to be implemented for in-situ and/or in-operando measurements. Currently, correlated measurements are widely discussed to obtain a more comprehensive view to a process by using a broad variety of measurement techniques complementing each other. Techniques for correlated measurements may include commonly used techniques like thermocouples or pressure sensors as well as more complex systems like gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, infrared or ultraviolet spectroscopy and many others. Some of these techniques can be miniaturized, some of them cannot yet. Those should, nevertheless, be able to conduct measurements at the same location and the same time, preferably in-situ and in-operando. Therefore, combinations of measurement instruments might be necessary, which will provide complementary techniques for accessing local process information. A recently more intensively discussed additional possibility is the application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) systems, which might be useful in combination with other, more conventional measurement techniques. NMR is currently undergoing a tremendous change from large-scale to benchtop measurement systems, and it will most likely be further miniaturized. NMR allows a multitude of different measurements, which are normally covered by several instruments. Additionally, NMR can be combined very well with other measurement equipment to perform correlative in-situ and in-operando measurements. Such combinations of several instruments would allow us to retrieve an “information cloud” of a process. This paper will present a view of some common measurement techniques and the difficulties of applying them on one hand in a miniaturized scale, and on the other hand in a correlative mode. Basic suggestions to achieve the above-mentioned objective by a combination of different methods including NMR will be given.

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Section: Parameters Measurement Methods and Scalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Situ Measurements in Microscale Gas Flows—Conventional Sensors or Something Else?

Brandner

2019

Micromachines

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“…This review reports the developments in ultraviolet and light absorption spectrometry from January 1994 through December 1995, primarily as documented in the Ultraviolet & Visible Spectroscopy section of CA Selects, and extends the series of reviews on these topics sponsored by Analytical Chemistry starting with Light Absorption Spectrometry in 1945 (1-3), followed by Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrometry in 1949 (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) and combined Ultraviolet and Light Absorption Spectrometry in 1978 (10,11). As in the previous reviews, the subject matter is divided into sections on chemistry, physics, and applications.…”

Section: Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 96%

Ultraviolet and Light Absorption Spectrometry

1996

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“…However, since the last reporting period for this review covered the time period from January 1994 through December 1995, this current review will be reporting the developments in ultraviolet and visible absorption spectrometry from January 1996 through October 1997. The citation sources for this review are primarily those as documented in the Ultraviolet & Visible Spectroscopy section of CA Selects and extend the series of reviews on these topics sponsored by Analytical Chemistry starting with Light Absorption Spectrometry in 1945 ( − ), followed by Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrometry in 1949 ( − ) and combined Ultraviolet and Light Absorption Spectrometry in 1978 ( − ). As in the previous reviews, the subject matter is divided into sections on chemistry, physics, and applications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%