Ultraviolet regulation of neuroendocrine and circadian physiology in rodents

Brainard, George C.; Barker, Felix M.; Hoffman, Reid; Stetson, Milton H.; Hanifin, John P.; Podolin, Patricia L.; Rollag, Mark D.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(94)90154-6

Cited by 63 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This observation extends earlier reports regarding some rodents, such as Syrian hamster, pigmented LongEvans Hooded rat, or North American whitefooted mouse [8,10,12,14]. The mechanisms underlying the reported UV-A action on the pineal NAT activity are largely unknown, although they may be similar in nature to those produced by visible light.…”

supporting

confidence: 72%

“…However, recent data have provided evidence that in addition to visible light (both wide-range 'white' and monochromatic light), nonvisible irradiation can also affect several rhythmic processes [10,[12][13][14][19][20][21][22][23]. A near-ultraviolet (UV-A) radiation appears to be of particular interest, as depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, with resulting enhanced levels of solar UV irradiation on the earth's surface, may contribute, among other phenomena, to significant disturbances in biological clock function.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Near-Ultraviolet (UV-A) Light on Melatonin Biosynthesis in Vertebrate Pineal Gland

Zawilska

Rosiak²,

Nowak³

1999

Neurosignals

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The effects of near-ultraviolet (UV-A) irradiation on nocturnal activity of serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT; a key regulatory enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis) in the pineal gland of the rat and chick were investigated. Exposure of the animals to UV-A during the 4th or 5th hour of the dark phase of the 12:12 h light-dark (LD) cycle suppressed the night-driven NAT activity in a time-dependent manner, the effects being generally more pronounced in rats than in chicks. The UV-A-evoked suppression of the nocturnal NAT activity was completely restored within 2 h (chicks) or 3 h (rats) in animals which, after irradiation, were returned to darkness. When a short UV-A pulse was applied to the animals after midnight, it induced a decrease in the enzyme activity in both species; yet, the effect was readily reversible only in chicks. The results presented here, as well as other data, demonstrate that UV-A light is a powerful signal affecting the pineal melatonin-generating system both in mammals and avians, and that the involved mechanisms may differ in the tested species.

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supporting

confidence: 72%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Near-Ultraviolet (UV-A) Light on Melatonin Biosynthesis in Vertebrate Pineal Gland

Zawilska

Rosiak²,

Nowak³

1999

Neurosignals

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“…This hypothesis is principally associated with direct effects through skin absorption because adult eyes do not transmit UV (Barker, Brainard and Dayhaw-Barker 1991), although indirect effects in children cannot be ruled out, in light of the evidence of visual responses to UV radiation in children (Brainard et al 1992;Sanford et al 1996).…”

Section: Explanatory Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical examination of perceptual and cognitive effects attributed to full-spectrum fluorescent lighting

Veitch¹,

McColl

2001

Ergonomics

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/npsi/ctrl?lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?lang=fr Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140130010002008Ergonomics, 44, 3, pp. 255-279, 2001-02-01 A Critical examination of perceptual and cognitive effects attributed to full-spectrum fluorescent lightingA Critical examination of perceptual and cognitive effects attributed to full-spectrum fluorescent lighting Veitch, J. A.; McColl, S. L.A version of this paper is published in / Une version de ce document se trouve dans : Ergonomics, v. 44, no. 3, Feb. 2001, pp. 255-279 www.nrc.ca/irc/ircpubs NRCC-42840Veitch AbstractFull-spectrum fluorescent lighting has been credited with causing dramatic improvements in vision, perception, and cognitive performance, as compared to other fluorescent lamp types. These effects are hypothesised to occur because of similarity between FSFL emissions and daylight, which is said to have evolutionary superiority over other light sources. This review, covering the period 1945-1998, critically considers the evidence for these claims. In general, poor-quality research has resulted in an absence of simple deterministic effects that can be confidently attributed to fluorescent lamp type. Promising avenues for lighting-behaviour research include investigations of cognitive mediators of lighting-behaviour relationships, and flicker rates and colour rendering effects on visual processing, appearance judgements, and affect. Good lighting solutions are more complex than lamp type specification.

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“…Melatonin is a hormone thought to be released primarily from the pineal gland [16]. Some other studies exist showing its production in such tissues as the retina as well [17]. Melatonin is an altered form of serotonin by way of N-acetyl transferase or hydroxy indol O-methyl transferase enzyme [18, 19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of N-Acetyl Serotonin on Ultraviolet-Radiation-Induced Cataracts in Rats

et al. 2003

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Aims: To investigate the effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on cataract development in rat lenses and whether or not N-acetyl serotonin has an effect on changes in these lenses. Material and Methods: The study was performed using 5 groups of Sprague-Dawley albino rats, with each group consisting of 15 rats. The 5th group being the control group did not receive any applications, whilst the other 4 groups received a daily dose of 0.2 J/cm²/day UVR (305 nm wavelength) for 60 days. A dose of 4 mg/kg/0.1 ml N-acetyl serotonin was injected intraperitoneally to group 1 and group 2 every day and on alternate days, respectively. Group 3 received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 ml phosphate buffer solution every day, whilst group 4 received no injection. On the 60th day, an intracardiac withdrawal of blood was performed, after the rats had been anesthetized with ether. Following the withdrawal of blood, the rats were killed using a high dose of ether and their eyes were enucleated. The lens fresh weights, plasma malondialdehyde (P-MDA), erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (E-GSHPx), erythrocyte glutathione reductase, blood reduced glutathione (B-RGSH), erythrocyte catalase (E-CAT), lenticular malondialdehyde, lenticular superoxide dismutase (L-SOD), lenticular glutathione peroxidase (L-GSHPx) and lenticular glutathione (L-GSH) levels were all assessed. Results: The lens fresh weights were determined to be lower in group 1 and in the control group in comparison with the other groups (p < 0.01). Whilst the P-MDA level was found to be lower (p < 0.001), the E-GSHPx level was higher (p < 0.01) in the control group than in the other groups. The E-GSHPx level was higher in groups 1 and 2 than in groups 3 and 4 (p < 0.01). The B-RGSH level was higher in the control group than in the other groups (p < 0.001). The E-CAT level was higher in both the control group and group 1 than in groups 2, 3 and 4 (p < 0.01), whilst it was higher in group 2 when compared to groups 3 and 4 (p < 0.01). The L-SOD levels were found to be higher in the control group and group 1 than in groups 2, 3 and 4 (p < 0.001). Whilst the L-GSHPx levels were determined to be higher only in the control group (p < 0.001), the L-GSH levels were higher in the control group and group 1 than in the other groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In recent years, the depletion of the atmospheric ozone layer has resulted in the penetration of more UVR to the earth, which causes various effects on different tissues of organisms. N-acetyl serotonin, a melatonin precursor, may well be effective in the prevention of the negative effects induced by the UVR upon the lens tissue, in which case the capability of melatonin to capture free radicals as well as its antioxidative properties should be taken into consideration.

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Ultraviolet regulation of neuroendocrine and circadian physiology in rodents

Cited by 63 publications

References 39 publications

Effects of Near-Ultraviolet (UV-A) Light on Melatonin Biosynthesis in Vertebrate Pineal Gland

Effects of Near-Ultraviolet (UV-A) Light on Melatonin Biosynthesis in Vertebrate Pineal Gland

A critical examination of perceptual and cognitive effects attributed to full-spectrum fluorescent lighting

The Effect of N-Acetyl Serotonin on Ultraviolet-Radiation-Induced Cataracts in Rats

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