Ultraviolet radiation induces stress in etiolated <i><scp>L</scp>andoltia punctata</i>, as evidenced by the presence of alanine, a universal stress signal: a <sup>15</sup><scp>N NMR</scp> study

Monselise, Edna Ben-Izhak; Levkovitz, Aliza; Kost, Daniel

doi:10.1111/plb.12198

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…A d -alanine ligase was found in C. reinhardtii ’s genome that is potentially involved in d -alanine multimerization. Recent research using 15 N NMR spectroscopy found that d -alanine accumulated in plants during UV exposure and this finding is supported by previous research under various stress signals (Monselise et al, 2014 ). Therefore, the possibility that d -amino acids might have additional cellular functions in C. reinhardtii , aside from providing a source of nitrogen, can be a subject of future investigations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Microalgal Metabolic Network Model Refinement through High-Throughput Functional Metabolic Profiling

Chaiboonchoe

Dohai

Cai

et al. 2014

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Metabolic modeling provides the means to define metabolic processes at a systems level; however, genome-scale metabolic models often remain incomplete in their description of metabolic networks and may include reactions that are experimentally unverified. This shortcoming is exacerbated in reconstructed models of newly isolated algal species, as there may be little to no biochemical evidence available for the metabolism of such isolates. The phenotype microarray (PM) technology (Biolog, Hayward, CA, USA) provides an efficient, high-throughput method to functionally define cellular metabolic activities in response to a large array of entry metabolites. The platform can experimentally verify many of the unverified reactions in a network model as well as identify missing or new reactions in the reconstructed metabolic model. The PM technology has been used for metabolic phenotyping of non-photosynthetic bacteria and fungi, but it has not been reported for the phenotyping of microalgae. Here, we introduce the use of PM assays in a systematic way to the study of microalgae, applying it specifically to the green microalgal model species Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The results obtained in this study validate a number of existing annotated metabolic reactions and identify a number of novel and unexpected metabolites. The obtained information was used to expand and refine the existing COBRA-based C. reinhardtii metabolic network model iRC1080. Over 254 reactions were added to the network, and the effects of these additions on flux distribution within the network are described. The novel reactions include the support of metabolism by a number of d-amino acids, l-dipeptides, and l-tripeptides as nitrogen sources, as well as support of cellular respiration by cysteamine-S-phosphate as a phosphorus source. The protocol developed here can be used as a foundation to functionally profile other microalgae such as known microalgae mutants and novel isolates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Microalgal Metabolic Network Model Refinement through High-Throughput Functional Metabolic Profiling

Chaiboonchoe

Dohai

Cai

et al. 2014

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…The third major complex of functions of D-AAs in plants is the ones, which have been either just recently discovered, and need to be further analysed and characterized, or which have not been discovered at all. Among these novel functions is, for instance, D-Ala as a stress signal: It has been reported that duckweed seedlings accumulate D-Ala after UV light exposure [43], but the confirmation of this finding by other groups or in other species is still pending. Another, more prominent, example of a novel physiological function of a D-AA in plants is the impact of D-Ser on pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis [44];…”

Section: What Are the Effects And Functions Of D-aas In The Plant?mentioning

confidence: 99%

D-Amino Acids in Plants: New Insights and Aspects, but also More Open Questions

Kolukisaoglu¹,

Suárez²

2017

Amino Acid - New Insights and Roles in Plant and Animal

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The relevance of the homochirality of proteinogenic amino acids for life is undisputed, but also to their D-enantiomers a growing number of biological functions could be assigned. When it comes to D-amino acids in plants, information was relatively scarce for a long time. Nowadays, also in this field, knowledge is growing which will be presented and discussed in this review. In this respect, it was shown that D-amino acids are taken up by plants from soil but could also be synthesized de novo. Investigations of plant D-amino acid metabolism as well as other studies revealed a central function of D-Ala in plants, which await further elucidation. Also other D-amino acids are shown to cause physiological effects in plants, ranging from nitrogen utilization over stress adaptation to chloroplast division, and indicate that D-amino acids are responsible for a variety of yet poorly understood or even undiscovered functions in plants.

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“…But several reports suggest that D-AAs take up a similarly crucial position in plants as in microbes and animals (for further readings about D-AAs in microbes and animals see Konno et al (2007), and Brückner (2011)). For instance, the D-Ala amount in duckweed ( Landoltia punctata ) was demonstrated to be increased during UV stress (Monselise et al, 2015) and D-Ser is involved in pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis by regulating the glutamate receptor GLR1.2, which belongs to a group of plant proteins closely related to mammalian NMDA receptors (Michard et al, 2011;Forde and Roberts, 2014). In mosses ( Physcomitrella patens ) D-Ala and D-Glu were detected in the plastidial envelope, which resembles to bacterial peptidoglycan (Hirano et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AtDAT1 is a key enzyme of D-amino acid stimulated ethylene production inArabidopsis thaliana

Suárez

Hener

Lehnhardt

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Keywords: D-amino acids in plants, D-amino acid-stimulated ethylene production, D-amino acid 9 specific transaminase, D-methionine, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ethylene, amino acid 10 malonylation 11 Manuscript type: Original research 12Abstract 15 D-enantiomers of proteinogenic amino acids (D-AAs) are found ubiquitously, but the knowledge 16 about their metabolism and functions in plants is scarce. A long forgotten phenomenon in this regard 17 is the D-AA-stimulated ethylene production in plants. As a starting point to investigate this effect the 18Arabidopsis accession Landsberg erecta (Ler) got into focus as it was found defective in 19 metabolizing D-AAs. Combining genetics and molecular biology of T-DNA lines and natural 20 variants together with biochemical and physiological approaches we could identify AtDAT1 as a 21 major D-AA transaminase in Arabidopsis. Atdat1 loss-of-function mutants and Arabidopsis 22 accessions with defective AtDAT1 alleles were not able to produce D-Ala, D-Glu and L-Met, the 23 metabolites of D-Met, anymore. This result corroborates the biochemical characterization of 24AtDAT1, which showed highest activity using D-Met as substrate. Germination of seedlings in light 25and dark led to enhanced growth inhibition of atdat1 mutants on D-Met. Ethylene measurements 26revealed an enhanced D-AA stimulated ethylene production in these mutants. According to initial 27 working models of this phenomenon D-Met is preferentially malonylated instead of the ethylene 28 precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). This decrease of ACC degradation should 29 then lead to the increase of ethylene production. We could observe in our studies a reciprocal relation 30 of malonylated methionine and ACC upon D-Met application and even significantly more malonyl-31 methionine in atdat1 mutants. Unexpectedly, the malonyl-ACC levels did not differ between mutants 32 and wild type in these experiments. With AtDAT1, the first central enzyme of plant D-AA 33 metabolism was characterized biochemically and physiologically. The specific effects of D-Met on 34 ACC metabolization, ethylene production and plant development of dat1 mutants unraveled the 35 impact of AtDAT1 on these processes, but they are not in full accordance to previous working 36 AtDAT1 regulates ethylene production 2 models. Instead, our results imply the influence of additional candidate factors or processes on D-37 AA-stimulated ethylene production which await to be uncovered. 38

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Ultraviolet radiation induces stress in etiolated Landoltia punctata, as evidenced by the presence of alanine, a universal stress signal: a ¹⁵N NMR study

Cited by 15 publications

References 53 publications

Microalgal Metabolic Network Model Refinement through High-Throughput Functional Metabolic Profiling

Microalgal Metabolic Network Model Refinement through High-Throughput Functional Metabolic Profiling

D-Amino Acids in Plants: New Insights and Aspects, but also More Open Questions

AtDAT1 is a key enzyme of D-amino acid stimulated ethylene production inArabidopsis thaliana

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Ultraviolet radiation induces stress in etiolated Landoltia punctata, as evidenced by the presence of alanine, a universal stress signal: a 15N NMR study

Cited by 15 publications

References 53 publications

Microalgal Metabolic Network Model Refinement through High-Throughput Functional Metabolic Profiling

Microalgal Metabolic Network Model Refinement through High-Throughput Functional Metabolic Profiling

D-Amino Acids in Plants: New Insights and Aspects, but also More Open Questions

AtDAT1 is a key enzyme of D-amino acid stimulated ethylene production inArabidopsis thaliana

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Ultraviolet radiation induces stress in etiolated Landoltia punctata, as evidenced by the presence of alanine, a universal stress signal: a ¹⁵N NMR study