Ultraviolet radiation does not increase oxidative stress in the lizard Psammodromus algirus along an elevational gradient

Reguera, Senda; Zamora‐Camacho, Francisco Javier; Melero, Elena; García-Mesa, Sergio; Trenzado, Cristina E.; Cabrerizo, Marco J.; Sanz, A.; Moreno‐Rueda, Gregorio

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.12.015

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…2016 ), which might have resulted in both the observed low proportion of infected individuals and the low parasite intensities ( Råberg 2014 ). We have not found elevational differences in cellular immune response (also see Reguera et al. 2015 ), although humoral immune response (more related to endoparasites) has not been examined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Moreover, lizards suffer less oxidative damage at high altitudes ( Reguera et al. 2014b , 2015 ), which could improve tolerance to parasites ( Costantini 2014 ). Furthermore, lizards are darker at higher elevations ( Reguera et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These widely used techniques allow catching lizards unharmed. In 2013, and after measurements were taken, lizards were carried to the lab in cotton bags to be used in additional data collection (see Reguera et al. 2015 ), and released at the spot where they were caught 1 week after capture.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opposed elevational variation in prevalence and intensity of endoparasites and their vectors in a lizard

et al. 2018

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Studying the causes of parasite geographic distribution is relevant to understand ecological and evolutionary processes that affect host populations as well as for species conservation. Temperature is one of the most important environmental variables affecting parasite distribution, as raising temperatures positively affect development, reproduction, and rate of transmission of both endo- and ectoparasites. In this context, it is generally accepted that, in mountains, parasite abundance decreases with elevation. However, empirical evidence on this topic is limited. In the present study, we analyzed the elevational variation of hemoparasites and ectoparasites of a lizard, Psammodromus algirus, along a 2,200-m elevational gradient in Sierra Nevada (SE Spain). As predicted, ectoparasite (mites, ticks, mosquitoes, and sandflies) abundance decreased with elevation. However, hemoparasite prevalence and intensity in the lizard augmented with altitude, showing a pattern contrary to their vectors (mites). We suggest that tolerance to hemoparasites may increase with elevation as a consequence of lizards at high altitudes taking advantage of increased body condition and food availability, and reduced oxidative stress. Moreover, lizards could have been selected for higher resistance against hemoparasites at lowlands (where higher rates of replication are expected), thus reducing hemoparasite prevalence and load. Our findings imply that, in a scenario of climate warming, populations of lizards at high elevation may face increased abundance of ectoparasites, accompanied with strong negative effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opposed elevational variation in prevalence and intensity of endoparasites and their vectors in a lizard

et al. 2018

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“…2018 ), in combination with low oxidative stress ( Reguera et al. 2014 a, 2015 ) and activity time ( Zamora-Camacho et al. 2013 ), implies highland lizards could invest more in reproduction without a cost in the form of reduced lifespan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2013 ), and, as an evidence of reduced metabolic damage, oxidative stress also decreases with elevation ( Reguera et al. 2014 a, 2015 ). In other P. algirus populations, lizard survival during the activity period was lower at low altitudes, presumably due to longer activity time ( Iraeta et al.…”

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confidence: 98%

Age structure of a lizard along an elevational gradient reveals nonlinear lifespan patterns with altitude

et al. 2019

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Lifespan is one of the main components of life history. Shorter lifespans can be expected in marginal habitats. However, in the case of ectotherms, lifespan typically increases with altitude, even though temperature—one of the main factors to determine ectotherms’ life history—declines with elevation. This pattern can be explained by the fact that a shorter activity time favors survival. In this study, we analyzed how lifespan and other life-history traits of the lizard Psammodromus algirus vary along a 2,200 m elevational gradient in Sierra Nevada (SE Spain). Populations at intermediate altitudes (1,200–1,700 m), corresponding to the optimal habitat for this species, had the shortest lifespans, whereas populations inhabiting marginal habitats (at both low and at high altitudes) lived longest. Therefore, this lizard did not follow the typical pattern of ectotherms, as it also lived longer at the lower limit of its distribution, nor did it show a longer lifespan in areas with optimal habitats. These results might be explained by a complex combination of different gradients along the mountain, namely that activity time decreases with altitude whereas food availability increases. This could explain why lifespan was maximum at both high (limited activity time) and low (limited food availability) altitudes, resulting in similar lifespans in areas with contrasting environmental conditions. Our findings also indicated that reproductive investment and body condition increase with elevation, suggesting that alpine populations are locally adapted.

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Preparation for oxidative stress in Chinese toads (Bufo gargarizans) living under natural conditions along an altitudinal gradient

Zhang,

Xu,

Jiao

et al. 2024

J Exp Zool Pt A

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Preparation for oxidative stress (POS) has been widely reported in animals under controlled laboratory conditions, but whether this phenomenon is visible in animals under natural conditions remains to be explored. Altitudinal gradients provide a good opportunity to address this question, since environmental conditions become more hostile with increasing altitude. Here, we investigated the levels of oxidative stress, oxidative damage, and antioxidant defenses in Chinese toads (Bufo gargarizans) along an altitudinal gradient (50 m, 1200 m, 2300 m, 3400 m above sea level). The results show that changing altitude led to a significantly lower ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione in liver, with a higher value at 50 m. This ratio in muscle tissues did not differ significantly between altitudes of 50 m, 2300 m, and 3400 m. However, reduced glutathione content increased significantly along the altitude, with higher values in liver at 2300 m and higher values in skeletal muscle at 3400 m. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in liver did not change significantly with increasing altitude. Brain and muscle tissues showed a higher MDA content at 50 m than the other three altitudes. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione‐S‐transferase, as well as total antioxidant capacity, also displayed tissue‐specific upregulation in heart, skeletal muscle, and brain, but all of these antioxidant enzymes except for glutathione‐S‐transferase were significantly reduced in liver along the altitudinal gradient. In summary, environmental factors at higher altitude did not lead to higher levels of oxidative stress and oxidative damage in B. gargarizans, mainly due to stronger antioxidant defenses. This study corroborates the occurrence of POS in high‐altitude toads living under field conditions and contributes to revealing the biochemical adaptations to extreme environments at higher altitude.

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Ultraviolet radiation does not increase oxidative stress in the lizard Psammodromus algirus along an elevational gradient

Cited by 16 publications

References 63 publications

Opposed elevational variation in prevalence and intensity of endoparasites and their vectors in a lizard

Opposed elevational variation in prevalence and intensity of endoparasites and their vectors in a lizard

Age structure of a lizard along an elevational gradient reveals nonlinear lifespan patterns with altitude

Preparation for oxidative stress in Chinese toads (Bufo gargarizans) living under natural conditions along an altitudinal gradient

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