Ultraviolet Radiation and Ground‐level Ozone Variation in Lithuania

Chadyšienė, Renata; Girgždienė, Raselė; Girgždys, Aloyzas

doi:10.3846/16486897.2005.9636843

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In the ambient atmosphere, a portion of the UV light in the spectral region of 290–400 nm can reach the Earth’s surface, while UV light with wavelengths below 290 nm (used here to generate OH from O 3 ) is completely absorbed by the O 3 layer . Hence, to more realistically simulate the atmosphere, OH initiated photo-oxidation experiments were also performed using 302 nm UV lamp irradiation which is both present in the atmosphere and able to activate TiO 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the ambient atmosphere, a portion of the UV light in the spectral region of 290−400 nm can reach the Earth's surface, while UV light with wavelengths below 290 nm (used here to generate OH from O 3 ) is completely absorbed by the O 3 layer. 52 Hence, to more realistically simulate the atmosphere, OH initiated photo-oxidation experiments were also performed using 302 nm UV lamp irradiation which is both present in the atmosphere and able to activate TiO 2 . 18 As expected, 53 due to the lower photochemical activity of TiO 2 at 302 nm UV light irradiation (vs 254 nm), the measured O/C of SOM Ti (302 nm) across all photochemical ages is lower than that of SOM Ti (254 nm) but higher than that of SOM Si (254 nm), as shown in Figure 2B.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative and Toxicological Evolution of Engineered Nanoparticles with Atmospherically Relevant Coatings

Liu

Liggio

Breznan

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The health impacts associated with engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) released into the atmosphere have not been adequately assessed. Such impacts could potentially arise from the toxicity associated with condensable atmospheric secondary organic material (SOM), or changes in the SOM composition induced by ENPs. Here, these possibilities are evaluated by investigating the oxidative and toxicological evolution of TiO 2 and SiO 2 nanoparticles which have been coated with SOM from the O 3 or OH initiated oxidation of αpinene. It was found that pristine SiO 2 particles were significantly more cytotoxic compared to pristine TiO 2 particles. TiO 2 in the dark or under UV irradiation catalytically reacted with the SOM, increasing its O/C by up to 55% over photochemically inert SiO 2 while having negligible effects on the overall cytotoxicity. Conversely, the cytotoxicity associated with SiO 2 coated with SOM was markedly suppressed (by a factor of 9, at the highest exposure dose) with both increased SOM coating thickness and increased photochemical aging. These suppressing effects (organic coating and photo-oxidation of organics) were attributed to a physical hindrance of SiO 2 -cell interactions by the SOM and enhanced SOM viscosity and hydrophilicity with continued photo-oxidation, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of atmospheric processes in altering the cytotoxicity of ENPs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative and Toxicological Evolution of Engineered Nanoparticles with Atmospherically Relevant Coatings

Liu

Liggio

Breznan

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Seasonally, the highest intensity of UV ray is measured during spring and summer whereas the minimal presence of UV radiation is registered during winter. The wavelength of UV ray which invades to the surface of the earth is varied within 290 nm to 400 nm (Chadyšiene et al 2005 ). The entire UV-A radiation reaches to the earth’s surface as there is no incident of UV-A absorption by atmospheric ozone (Tan et al 2018 ) while UV-C is wholly engrossed by ozone and oxygen in the upper and middle portion of the atmosphere (Chandra and Mcpeters 1994 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation and correlation between ultraviolet index and tropospheric ozone during COVID-19 lockdown over megacities of India

Bera

Bhattacharjee

Shit

et al. 2021

Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess

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Worldwide spread out of COVID-19 in a short-time has brought a significant decline of road traffic, tourist flow and industrial ventures. During this emergency period, the restricted human dealings with nature have appeared as blessing for health of the total environment. The variation of atmospheric O 3 may modulate the range of UV index (UVI) at any region of the earth. The objective of the study is to examine the variation of UV index over the megacities of India with respect to tropospheric O 3 level modification during COVID-19 lockdown. The meteorological or environmental data (temperature in °C, gust in km/h, wind speed km/h, relative humidity in %, air pressure in mb and cloud cover in okta) of four selective megacities of India (Kolkata, Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai) during and pre lockdown period have been obtained to comprehend about the variation of UV index and tropospheric O 3 . The descriptive statistical applications i.e. standard deviation, standard errors and K-means clustering have been done through standard statistical software. In the present study, t-test has been used to understand level of significance of surface O 3 and UVI during pre-lockdown (2019) and lockdown (2020) phase. The result shows that the four major megacities in India namely New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai have experienced the vibrant diminution in terms of the concentration of UV index with slightly increasing the tropospheric O 3 level during the lockdown phase. The higher accumulation of O 3 during the lockdown in the lower atmosphere of four megacities does not exceed the permissible limit. The excess amount of O 3 has remarkably contributed to trap the harmful UV radiation which has lowered the UVI in these worst polluted megacities of India. In the meantime, the prominent reduction of NO x during the lockdown period decreases the titration impact to O 3 and this mechanism helps to revitalize the ozone concentration level. The uniqueness of the current study is highlighted the ground reality regarding reduction of UV index and amplification of tropospheric O 3 concentration during lockdown phase. This study definitely assists to make new environmental policy, act and law for recover the health of the total environment.

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“…including snow, sand, and water have much higher UV intensity than in other areas, and the reflectivity of these surfaces toward UVA and UVB is different. [137] Without taking all these factors into account, the sensor algorithm may introduce some errors during estimation of the UVB exposure.…”

Section: Wwwadvmattechnoldementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and a Roadmap to Wearable UV Sensor Technologies

Zou

Sastry

Gooding

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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The tremendous impact of UV radiation on every individual has resulted in massive interest in development of new sensor technologies to effectively monitor the solar exposure. However, there is no comprehensive review that critically discusses the advances made in the field of wearable UV sensor technologies and to position them as next‐generation mass‐deployable wearable devices. Herein, this gap is addressed by first classifying UV detection technologies into photoelectric and photochromic systems and summarizing their unique strengths and drawbacks. This is followed by a discussion on the integration of novel materials and design concepts with these technologies to develop wearable UV sensors. Then, the commercially available wearable UV sensors are examined thoroughly together with their limitations. Toward the end, a highly critical future outlook is provided, wherein the role of technological and regulatory interventions in assisting the development and integration of wearable UV sensors in the day‐to‐day activities is discussed. More importantly, the purpose of this review is not only to provide an in‐depth understanding of the underlying UV detection mechanism, design principles, and wearable technologies but also to act as a roadmap for those interested in the development and regulation of commercially deployable wearable UV sensors.

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Ultraviolet Radiation and Ground‐level Ozone Variation in Lithuania

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Oxidative and Toxicological Evolution of Engineered Nanoparticles with Atmospherically Relevant Coatings

Oxidative and Toxicological Evolution of Engineered Nanoparticles with Atmospherically Relevant Coatings

Variation and correlation between ultraviolet index and tropospheric ozone during COVID-19 lockdown over megacities of India

Recent Advances and a Roadmap to Wearable UV Sensor Technologies

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